Transition asymptotics for the Painlevé II transcendent

DOI10.1215/00127094-3714650zbMATH Open1369.34107arXiv1502.03402OpenAlexW2020998610MaRDI QIDQ516141FDOQ516141

Authors: Thomas Bothner 

Publication date: 22 March 2017

Published in: Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider real-valued solutions $u=u(x|s),xinmathbbR$ of the second Painlev'e equation $u_{xx}=xu+2u^3$ which are parametrized in terms of the monodromy data $sequiv(s_1,s_2,s_3)subsetmathbb{C}^3$ of the associated Flaschka-Newell system of rational differential equations. Our analysis describes the transition, as $xightarrow-infty$, between the oscillatory power-like decay asymptotics for $|s_1|<1$ (Ablowitz-Segur) to the power-like growth behavior for $|s_1|=1$ (Hastings-McLeod) and from the latter to the singular oscillatory power-like growth for $|s_1|>1$ (Kapaev). It is shown that the transition asymptotics are of Boutroux type, i.e. they are expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. As applications of our results we obtain asymptotics for the Airy kernel determinant $det(I-gamma{K}_{extnormalAi}){|}_{L^2(x,infty)}$ in a double scaling limit $xightarrow-infty,gammauparrow1$ as well as asymptotics for the spectrum of $K_{extnormalAi}$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03402

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zbMATH Keywords

Riemann-Hilbert problemDeift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent methodtransition asymptoticssecond Painlevé equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, ({}_0F_1) (33C10) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E05) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, inverse differential Galois, etc.) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M50)

Cited In (17)

• Open problems for Painlevé equations
• Lower tail of the KPZ equation
• Global rigidity and exponential moments for soft and hard edge point processes
• Connection formulas for the Ablowitz-Segur solutions of the inhomogeneous Painlevé II equation
• On the origins of Riemann–Hilbert problems in mathematics*
• Determinantal point processes conditioned on randomly incomplete configurations
• On the increasing tritronquée solutions of the Painlevé-II equation
• Resurgent trans-series for generalized Hastings–McLeod solutions
• The lower tail of the half-space KPZ equation
• Hankel determinant and orthogonal polynomials for a Gaussian weight with a discontinuity at the edge
• Symmetrization in the geometric theory of functions of a complex variable
• Probability of two large gaps in the bulk and at the edge of the spectrum of random matrices
• The \(\tau\)-function of the Ablowitz-Segur family of solutions to Painlevé II as a Widom constant
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Fredholm determinant representation of the homogeneous Painlevé II τ-function
• Asymptotics of the determinant of the modified Bessel functions and the second Painlevé equation
• Large deformations of the Tracy-Widom distribution. I: Non-oscillatory asymptotics

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