Effective picture of bubble expansion

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/096MaRDI QIDQ5026065zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Rong-Gen Cai, Shao-Jiang Wang

Publication date 7 February 2022

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11451

zbMATH Keywords

bubble collisionscosmological phase transitionsgravitational waves/sourcesparticle physics-cosmology connectionphysics of the early universescaling friction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boltzmann equations (35Q20) Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly flows (76T10) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Statistical mechanics of plasmas (82D10) Gravitational waves (83C35) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Abstract: Recently the thermal friction on an expanding bubble from the cosmic first-order phase transition has been calculated to all orders of the interactions between the bubble wall and thermal plasma, leading to a $gamm{a}^2$-scaling instead of the previously estimated $gamm{a}^1$-scaling for the thermal friction exerted on a fast-moving bubble wall with a Lorentz factor $gamma$. We propose for the first time the effective equation of motion (EOM) for an expanding bubble wall in the presence of an arbitrary $gamma$-scaling friction to compute the efficiency factor from bubble collisions, which, in the case of $gamm{a}^2$-scaling friction, is found to be larger than the recently updated estimation when the bubble walls collide after starting to approach a constant terminal velocity, leading to a slightly larger signal of the gravitational waves background from bubble collisions due to its quadratic dependence on the bubble collision efficiency factor, although the $gamm{a}^2$-scaling friction itself has already suppressed the contribution from bubble collisions compared to that with $gamm{a}^1$-scaling friction. We also suggest a phenomenological parameterization for the out-of-equilibrium term in the Boltzmann equation that could reproduce the recently found $(gamm{a}^2-1)$-scaling of the friction term in the effective EOM of an expanding bubble wall, which merits further study in future numerical simulations of bubble expansion and collisions.

Recommendations

• Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force
• Friction pressure on relativistic bubble walls
• Bubble wall dynamics at the electroweak phase transition

Cites work

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• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium
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Cited in

(16)

• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force
• Electroweak bubble wall expansion: gravitational waves and baryogenesis in standard model-like thermal plasma
• Dark confinement and chiral phase transitions: gravitational waves vs matter representations
• Bubble wall dynamics at the electroweak phase transition
• Friction pressure on relativistic bubble walls
• Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium
• The energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions beyond the bag equation of state
• Bubble wall velocities in local equilibrium
• A sonic boom in bubble wall friction
• Collision integrals for cosmological phase transitions
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
• Bubble wall velocities with an extended fluid \textit{Ansatz}
• Gravitational waves and primordial black holes produced by dark meta stable vacuum decay

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