When do extended physics-informed neural networks (XPINNs) improve generalization?
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Publication:5043367
Learning and adaptive systems in artificial intelligence (68T05) Computational learning theory (68Q32) Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M55) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65M99)
Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have become a popular choice for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) due to their excellent approximation power and generalization ability. Recently, Extended PINNs (XPINNs) based on domain decomposition methods have attracted considerable attention due to their effectiveness in modeling multiscale and multiphysics problems and their parallelization. However, theoretical understanding on their convergence and generalization properties remains unexplored. In this study, we take an initial step towards understanding how and when XPINNs outperform PINNs. Specifically, for general multi-layer PINNs and XPINNs, we first provide a prior generalization bound via the complexity of the target functions in the PDE problem, and a posterior generalization bound via the posterior matrix norms of the networks after optimization. Moreover, based on our bounds, we analyze the conditions under which XPINNs improve generalization. Concretely, our theory shows that the key building block of XPINN, namely the domain decomposition, introduces a tradeoff for generalization. On the one hand, XPINNs decompose the complex PDE solution into several simple parts, which decreases the complexity needed to learn each part and boosts generalization. On the other hand, decomposition leads to less training data being available in each subdomain, and hence such model is typically prone to overfitting and may become less generalizable. Empirically, we choose five PDEs to show when XPINNs perform better than, similar to, or worse than PINNs, hence demonstrating and justifying our new theory.
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Cited in
(22)- Data-driven prediction of soliton solutions of the higher-order NLSE via the strongly-constrained PINN method
- Physics-informed neural networks with parameter asymptotic strategy for learning singularly perturbed convection-dominated problem
- Mixed formulation of physics-informed neural networks for thermo-mechanically coupled systems and heterogeneous domains
- Bright-dark rogue wave transition in coupled ab system via the physics-informed neural networks method
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- A peridynamic-informed neural network for continuum elastic displacement characterization
- On the eigenvector bias of Fourier feature networks: from regression to solving multi-scale PDEs with physics-informed neural networks
- An unsupervised latent/output physics-informed convolutional-LSTM network for solving partial differential equations using peridynamic differential operator
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