Bias of root numbers for modular newforms of cubic level

Abstract: Let

H_{2 k}^{p m} (N^{3})

denote the set of modular newforms of cubic level

N^{3}

, weight

2 k

, and root number

p m 1

. For

N > 1

squarefree and

k > 1

, we use an analytic method to establish neat and explicit formulas for the difference

| H_{2 k}^{+} (N^{3}) | - | H_{2 k}^{-} (N^{3}) |

as a multiple of the product of

v a r p h i (N)

and the class number of

m a t h b b Q (s q r t - N)

. In particular, the formulas exhibit a strict bias towards the root number

+ 1

. Our main tool is a root-number weighted simple Petersson formula for such newforms.

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