Asymptotic behavior of a matter filled universe with exotic topology

DOI10.1088/1361-6382/AB5E91MaRDI QIDQ5161925zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Puskar Mondal

Publication date 1 November 2021

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01233

zbMATH Keywords

cosmological modelHamiltonian reductionperfect fluidcosmological evolutionuniverse topologyexotic topology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism in mechanics of particles and systems (70S05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Asymptotic procedures (radiation, news functions, (mathcal{H} )-spaces, etc.) in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C30) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05) Flows related to mean curvature (53E10)

Abstract: The ADM formalism together with a constant mean curvature (CMC) temporal gauge is used to derive the monotonic decay of a weak Lyapunov function of the Einstein dynamical equations in an expanding universe with a positive cosmological constant and matter sources satisfying suitable energy conditions. While such a Lyapunov function does not, in general, represent a true Hamiltonian of the matter-coupled gravity dynamics (unlike in the vacuum case when it does), it can nevertheless be used to study the asymptotic behavior of the spacetimes. The Lyapunov function attains its infimum only in the limit that the matter sources be `turned off` or, at least, become asymptotically negligible provided that the universe model does not re-collapse and form singularities. Later we specialize our result to the case of a perfect fluid which satisfies the desired energy conditions. However, even in this special case, we show using Shutz's velocity potential formalism cast into Hamiltonian form that unlike the vacuum spacetimes (with or without a positive cosmological constant), construction of a true Hamiltonian for the dynamics in constant mean curvature temporal gauge is difficult and therefore the Lyapunov function does not have a straightforward physical interpretation. Nevertheless, we show, for the fluid with equation of state $P=(gamma-1)ho$ ($1leqgammaleq2$), that the general results obtained hold true and the infimum of the weak Lyapunov function can be related to the Sigma constant, a topological invariant of the manifold. Utilizing these results, some general conclusions are drawn regarding the asymptotic state of the universe and the dynamical control of the allowed spatial topologies in the cosmological models.

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Cited in

(5)

• Asymptotic solution for expanding universe with matter-dominated evolution
• Lyapunov function for cosmological dynamical system
• Attractors of the `\(n+1\)' dimensional Einstein-\(\Lambda\) flow
• The intrinsic topology of Martin-Löf universes
• The linear stability of the \(n + 1\) dimensional FLRW spacetimes

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