Orthogonal polynomials, asymptotics, and Heun equations

DOI10.1063/1.5102102zbMATH Open1427.42031arXiv1905.04869OpenAlexW2985444737WikidataQ126841313 ScholiaQ126841313MaRDI QIDQ5206045FDOQ5206045

Authors: Yang Chen, Longjun Zhan, Galina Filipuk 

Publication date: 17 December 2019

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Painlev'{e} equations arise from the study of Hankel determinants generated by moment matrices, whose weights are expressed as the product of ``classical" weights multiplied by suitable ``deformation factors", usually dependent on a ``time variable $t$. From ladder operators one finds second order linear ordinary differential equations for associated orthogonal polynomials with coefficients being rational functions. The Painlev'e and related functions appear as the residues of these rational functions. We will be interested in the situation when $n$, the order of the Hankel matrix and also the degree of the polynomials $P_n(x)$ orthogonal with respect to the deformed weights, gets large. We show that the second order linear differential equations satisfied by $P_n(x)$ are particular cases of Heun equations when $n$ is large. In some sense, monic orthogonal polynomials generated by deformed weights mentioned below are solutions of a variety of Heun equa-tions. Heun equations are of considerable importance in mathematical physics and in the special cases they degenerate to the hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric equations. In this paper we look at three type of weights: the Jacobi type, which are are supported $(0,1]$ the Laguerre type and the weights deformed by the indicator function of $(a,b)$ $ch{i}_{(a,b)}$ and the step function $heta(x)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04869

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05) Moment problems and interpolation problems in the complex plane (30E05) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35) Confluent hypergeometric functions, Whittaker functions, ({}_1F_1) (33C15) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

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Cited In (19)

• Some Appell-type orthogonal polynomials on lattices
• The Jacobi-type polynomials and general Heun equations
• Matrix integral solutions to the discrete and coupled Leznov lattice equations
• Orthogonal polynomials, Laguerre Fock space, and quasi-classical asymptotics
• Asymptotics for a singularly perturbed GUE, Painlevé III, double-confluent Heun equations, and small eigenvalues
• A degenerate Gaussian weight connected with Painlevé equations and Heun equations
• Differential and difference equations for recurrence coefficients of orthogonal polynomials with hypergeometric weights and Bäcklund transformations of the sixth Painlevé equation
• Truncated Hermite polynomials
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• Orthogonal polynomials, bi-confluent Heun equations and semi-classical weights
• Painlevé IV, Chazy II, and asymptotics for recurrence coefficients of semi‐classical Laguerre polynomials and their Hankel determinants
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• Painlevé V and confluent Heun equations associated with a perturbed Gaussian unitary ensemble
• Uniform treatment of Darboux's method and the Heisenberg polynomials
• About families of orthogonal polynomials satisfying Heun's differential equation
• Painlevé IV and the semi-classical Laguerre unitary ensembles with one jump discontinuities
• Painlevé IV, \(\sigma \)-form, and the deformed Hermite unitary ensembles
• Series solutions of Heun-type equation in terms of orthogonal polynomials

Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

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