Orthogonal polynomials, asymptotics, and Heun equations

DOI10.1063/1.5102102MaRDI QIDQ5206045zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yang Chen, Longjun Zhan, Galina Filipuk

Publication date 17 December 2019

Published in Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04869

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05) Moment problems and interpolation problems in the complex plane (30E05) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35) Confluent hypergeometric functions, Whittaker functions, ({}_1F_1) (33C15) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Abstract: The Painlev'{e} equations arise from the study of Hankel determinants generated by moment matrices, whose weights are expressed as the product of ``classical" weights multiplied by suitable ``deformation factors", usually dependent on a ``time variable $t$. From ladder operators one finds second order linear ordinary differential equations for associated orthogonal polynomials with coefficients being rational functions. The Painlev'e and related functions appear as the residues of these rational functions. We will be interested in the situation when $n$, the order of the Hankel matrix and also the degree of the polynomials $P_n(x)$ orthogonal with respect to the deformed weights, gets large. We show that the second order linear differential equations satisfied by $P_n(x)$ are particular cases of Heun equations when $n$ is large. In some sense, monic orthogonal polynomials generated by deformed weights mentioned below are solutions of a variety of Heun equa-tions. Heun equations are of considerable importance in mathematical physics and in the special cases they degenerate to the hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric equations. In this paper we look at three type of weights: the Jacobi type, which are are supported $(0,1]$ the Laguerre type and the weights deformed by the indicator function of $(a,b)$ $ch{i}_{(a,b)}$ and the step function $heta(x)$.

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Cited in

(19)

• Series solutions of Heun-type equation in terms of orthogonal polynomials
• Some Appell-type orthogonal polynomials on lattices
• The Jacobi-type polynomials and general Heun equations
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