Lee-Yang zeros for the DHL and 2D rational dynamics. I: Foliation of the physical cylinder

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2016.07.008MaRDI QIDQ522913zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Mikhail Lyubich, Pavel M. Bleher, Roland K. W. Roeder

Publication date 19 April 2017

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4691

hierarchical lattice Ising model Lee-Yang zeros partially hyperbolic dynamics

Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings (37D30) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Critical phenomena in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B27) Renormalization group methods in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B28) Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials (82D40)

Abstract: In a classical work of the 1950's, Lee and Yang proved that the zeros of the partition functions of a ferromagnetic Ising models always lie on the unit circle. Distribution of these zeros is physically important as it controls phase transitions in the model. We study this distribution for the Migdal-Kadanoff Diamond Hierarchical Lattice (DHL). In this case, it can be described in terms of the dynamics of an explicit rational function

R R

in two variables (the renormalization transformation). We prove that

R R

is partially hyperbolic on an invariant cylinder

C C

. The Lee-Yang zeros are organized in a transverse measure for the central-stable foliation of

R R |, C C

. Their distribution is absolutely continuous. Its density is

C^{i} n f t y

(and non-vanishing) below the critical temperature. Above the critical temperature, it is

C^{i} n f t y

on a open dense subset, but it vanishes on the complementary Cantor set of positive measure. This seems to be the first occasion of a complete rigorous description of the Lee-Yang distributions beyond 1D models.

Review text

Let \(\Gamma_0\) be an interval, and \(\Gamma_1=\Gamma\) be the diamond graph. Consider a hierarchical lattice as a sequence of graphs \(\Gamma_n\), where \(\Gamma_{n+1}\) is obtained from \(\Gamma_n\) by replacing each edge of \(\Gamma_n\) with \(\Gamma\). This is called the diamond hierarchical lattice (DHL). In the paper the authors study the distribution of the zeros of the partition function of the Ising model on DHL. The distribution is described in terms of the dynamics of the rational function \[ \mathcal R(z,t)=\left({z^2+t^2\over z^{-2}+t^2}, {z^2+z^{-2}+2\over z^2+z^{-2}+t^2+t^{-2}}\right). \] It is proved that \(\mathcal R\) is partially hyperbolic on an invariant cylinder \(\mathbb C\). The Lee-Yang zeros are organized in a transverse measure for the central-stable foliation of \(\mathcal R|\mathbb C\). It is proved that the Lee-Yang distributions are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesque measure. Its density is \(C^{\infty}\) and non-vanishing below the critical temperature. Above the critical temperature, it is \(C^{\infty}\) on a open dense subset, but it vanishes on a set of positive measure.

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