Bumpy metrics on spheres and minimal index growth

DOI10.1007/S11784-016-0354-4zbMATH Open1378.53053OpenAlexW2486841911MaRDI QIDQ523337FDOQ523337

Authors: Hans-Bert Rademacher 

Publication date: 20 April 2017

Published in: Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The existence of two geometrically distinct closed geodesics on an $n$-dimensional sphere $S^n$ with a non-reversible and bumpy Finsler metric was shown independently by Duan--Long [7] and the author [27]. We simplify the proof of this statement by the following observation: If for some $NinmathbbN$ all closed geodesics of index $leN$ of a non-reversible and bumpy Finsler metric on $S^n$ are geometrically equivalent to the closed geodesic $c$ then there is a covering $c^r$ of minimal index growth, i.e. ${\displaystyle }${ m ind}(c^{rm})=m { m ind}(c^r)-(m-1)(n-1)${\displaystyle }$ for all $mge1$ with $mindleft(c^{rm}ight)leN.$ But this leads to a contradiction for $N=infty$ as pointed out by Goresky--Hingston [13]. We also discuss perturbations of Katok metrics on spheres of even dimension carrying only finitely many closed geodesics. For arbitrarily large $L>0$ we obtain on $S^2$ a metric of positive flag curvature carrying only two closed geodesics of length $<L$ which do not intersect.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01937

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zbMATH Keywords

closed geodesicfree loop spaceMorse inequalitiesKatok metricminimal index growthpositive flag curvature

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10)

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Cited In (7)

• Homogeneous Finsler spaces with only one orbit of prime closed geodesics
• Morse Indices of Closed Geodesics on Katok's 2-Spheres
• A bumpy metric theorem and the Poisson relation for generic strictly convex domains
• Geodesic behavior for Finsler metrics of constant positive flag curvature on \(S^2\)
• Two short closed geodesics on a sphere of odd dimension
• Index iteration theories for periodic orbits: old and new
• Simple closed geodesics in dimensions \(\geq 3\)

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