The index growth and multiplicity of closed geodesics

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2010.05.003zbMATH Open1206.53043arXiv1003.3593OpenAlexW2963431114MaRDI QIDQ990171FDOQ990171

Yiming Long, Huagui Duan

Publication date: 6 September 2010

Published in: Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In the recent paper cite{LoD1}, we classified closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds into rational and irrational two families, and gave a complete understanding on the index growth properties of iterates of rational closed geodesics. This study yields that a rational closed geodesic can not be the only closed geodesic on every irreversible or reversible (including Riemannian) Finsler sphere, and that there exist at least two distinct closed geodesics on every compact simply connected irreversible or reversible (including Riemannian) Finsler 3-dimensional manifold. In this paper, we study the index growth properties of irrational closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds. This study allows us to extend results in cite{LoD1} on rational and in cite{DuL1}, cite{Rad4} and cite{Rad5} on completely non-degenerate closed geodesics on spheres and $C{P}^2$ to every compact simply connected Finsler manifold. Then we prove the existence of at least two distinct closed geodesics on every compact simply connected irreversible or reversible (including Riemannian) Finsler 4-dimensional manifold.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.3593

zbMATH Keywords

Finsler manifoldclosed geodesicMorse index

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Global submanifolds (53C40) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10)

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