Alexander invariants for virtual knots

DOI10.1142/S0218216515500091zbMATH Open1364.57005arXiv1409.1459MaRDI QIDQ5255347FDOQ5255347

Authors: Hans U. Boden, Emily Dies, Anne Isabel Gaudreau, Adam Gerlings, Eric Harper, Andrew Nicas 

Publication date: 15 June 2015

Published in: Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given a virtual knot $K$, we construct a group $V{G}_K$ called the virtual knot group, and we use the elementary ideals of $V{G}_K$ to define invariants of $K$ called the virtual Alexander invariants. For instance, associated to the $k=0$ ideal is a polynomial $H_K(s,t,q)$ in three variables which we call the virtual Alexander polynomial, and we show that it is closely related to the generalized Alexander polynomial $G_K(s,t)$ introduced by Sawollek, Kauffman-Radford, and Silver-Williams. We define a natural normalization of the virtual Alexander polynomial and show it satisfies a skein formula. We also introduce the twisted virtual Alexander polynomial associated to a virtual knot $K$ and a representation $varrhocolonV{G}_{K}oG{L}_n(R)$, and we define a normalization of the twisted virtual Alexander polynomial. As applications we derive bounds on the virtual crossing numbers of virtual knots from the virtual Alexander polynomial and twisted virtual Alexander polynomial.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1459

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zbMATH Keywords

virtual knotstwisted Alexander polynomialsknot groupsvirtual crossing numberAlexander invariants of virtual knots

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

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Cited In (29)

• Burau maps and twisted Alexander polynomials
• From chord parity to chord index
• ALEXANDER GROUPS OF LONG VIRTUAL KNOTS
• Representations of virtual braids by automorphisms and virtual knot groups
• Virtual and universal braid groups, their quotients and representations
• Representations of flat virtual braids which do not preserve the forbidden relations
• On the new representation of the virtual braid group
• Multi-switches, representations of virtual braids, and invariants of virtual links
• Virtual knot cobordism and bounding the slice genus
• Virtual knot groups and combinatorial knots
• ALEXANDER GROUPS AND VIRTUAL LINKS
• Groups of the virtual trefoil and Kishino knots
• On the lower central series of some virtual knot groups
• Twin groups of virtual 2-bridge knots and almost classical knots
• Virtual concordance and the generalized Alexander polynomial
• The Alexander polynomial for virtual twist knots
• CROWELL'S DERIVED GROUP AND TWISTED POLYNOMIALS
• Multi-switches and virtual knot invariants
• Multi-switches and representations of braid groups
• Virtual knot groups and almost classical knots
• Virtual parity Alexander polynomial
• Peripheral elements in reduced Alexander modules
• Milnor's concordance invariants for knots on surfaces
• The special rank of virtual knot groups
• Polynomial knot and link invariants from the virtual biquandle
• Some congruence of the generalized Alexander invariant for periodic virtual links
• Alexander and writhe polynomials for virtual knots
• On ribbon graphs and virtual links
• Virtually symmetric representations and marked Gauss diagrams

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