Justification of the complex Langevin method with the gauge cooling procedure

DOI10.1093/PTEP/PTV173zbMATH Open1361.82028arXiv1508.02377OpenAlexW3104445701MaRDI QIDQ5347114FDOQ5347114

Authors: Keitaro Nagata, Shinji Shimasaki, Jun Nishimura 

Publication date: 22 May 2017

Published in: PTEP. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Recently there has been remarkable progress in the complex Langevin method, which aims at solving the complex action problem by complexifying the dynamical variables in the original path integral. In particular, a new technique called the gauge cooling was introduced and the full QCD simulation at finite density has been made possible in the high temperature (deconfined) phase or with heavy quarks. Here we provide a rigorous justification of the complex Langevin method including the gauge cooling procedure. We first show that the gauge cooling can be formulated as an extra term in the complex Langevin equation involving a gauge transformation parameter, which is chosen appropriately as a function of the configuration before cooling. The probability distribution of the complexified dynamical variables is modified by this extra term. However, this modification is shown not to affect the Fokker-Planck equation for the corresponding complex weight as far as observables are restricted to gauge invariant ones. Thus we demonstrate explicitly that the gauge cooling can be used as a viable technique to satisfy the convergence conditions for the complex Langevin method. We also discuss the "gauge cooling" in 0-dimensional systems such as vector models or matrix models.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.02377

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)

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