Complex Langevin analysis of 2D U(1) gauge theory on a torus with a term

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2020)023zbMATH Open1454.81154arXiv2004.13982OpenAlexW3083157905MaRDI QIDQ1995071FDOQ1995071

Authors: Mitsuaki Hirasawa, Akira Matsumoto, Atis Yosprakob, Jun Nishimura 

Publication date: 18 February 2021

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Monte Carlo simulation of gauge theories with a $heta$ term is known to be extremely difficult due to the sign problem. Recently there has been major progress in solving this problem based on the idea of complexifying dynamical variables. Here we consider the complex Langevin method (CLM), which is a promising approach for its low computational cost. The drawback of this method, however, is the existence of a condition that has to be met in order for the results to be correct. As a first step, we apply the method to 2D U(1) gauge theory on a torus with a $heta$ term, which can be solved analytically. We find that a naive implementation of the method fails because of the topological nature of the $heta$ term. In order to circumvent this problem, we simulate the same theory on a punctured torus, which is equivalent to the original model in the infinite volume limit for $|heta|<pi$. Rather surprisingly, we find that the CLM works and reproduces the exact results for a punctured torus even at large $heta$, where the link variables near the puncture become very far from being unitary.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13982

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zbMATH Keywords

field theories in lower dimensionslattice quantum field theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Monte Carlo methods (65C05) Quantum field theory on lattices (81T25)

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Cited In (12)

• Maximum Entropy Method Approach to the   Term
• Density of states approach for lattice gauge theory with a \(\theta\)-term
• Complex Langevin and other approaches to the sign problem in quantum many-body physics
• Is \(N = 2\) large?
• Lump dynamics in the \(\mathbb{C} P^1\) model on the torus
• Compact gauge fields on causal dynamical triangulations: a 2D case study
• Analytic Results in (2+1)-Dimensional Finite Temperature LGT
• Tensor renormalization group study of \((1 + 1)\)-dimensional U(1) gauge-Higgs model at \(\theta = \pi\) with Lüscher's admissibility condition
• Tensor renormalization group study of two-dimensional U(1) lattice gauge theory with a \(\theta\) term
• The Sign Problem and MEM in Lattice Field Theory with the   Term
• Tensor renormalization group and the volume independence in 2D \(\mathrm{U}(N)\) and \(\mathrm{SU}(N)\) gauge theories
• Exploring the \(\theta\)-vacuum structure in the functional renormalization group approach

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