Theta, time reversal and temperature

DOI10.1007/JHEP05(2017)091MaRDI QIDQ682981zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Davide Gaiotto, Anton Kapustin, Zohar Komargodski, Nathan Seiberg

Publication date 5 February 2018

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00501

zbMATH Keywords

't Hooft and Polyakov loopsanomalies in field and string theoriesconfinementspontaneous symmetry breakingWilson

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Anomalies in quantum field theory (81T50) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30)

Abstract: $SU(N)$ gauge theory is time reversal invariant at $heta=0$ and $heta=pi$. We show that at $heta=pi$ there is a discrete 't Hooft anomaly involving time reversal and the center symmetry. This anomaly leads to constraints on the vacua of the theory. It follows that at $heta=pi$ the vacuum cannot be a trivial non-degenerate gapped state. (By contrast, the vacuum at $heta=0$ is gapped, non-degenerate, and trivial.) Due to the anomaly, the theory admits nontrivial domain walls supporting lower-dimensional theories. Depending on the nature of the vacuum at $heta=pi$, several phase diagrams are possible. Assuming area law for space-like loops, one arrives at an inequality involving the temperatures at which CP and the center symmetry are restored. We also analyze alternative scenarios for $SU(2)$ gauge theory. The underlying symmetry at $heta=pi$ is the dihedral group of 8 elements. If deconfined loops are allowed, one can have two $O(2)$-symmetric fixed points. It may also be that the four-dimensional theory around $heta=pi$ is gapless, e.g. a Coulomb phase could match the underlying anomalies.

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