How to run 100 meters

DOI10.1137/16M1081919MaRDI QIDQ5348490zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Amandine Aftalion

Publication date 18 August 2017

Published in SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.09497

zbMATH Keywords

optimal controlanaerobic energystate constraintsingular arcrunning race

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations (49J15) Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations (49K15) Newton-type methods (49M15) Biology, chemistry, medicine (aspects of mathematics education) (97M60)

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to bring a mathematical justification to the optimal way of organizing one's effort when running. It is well known from physiologists that all running exercises of duration less than 3mn are run with a strong initial acceleration and a decelerating end; on the contrary, long races are run with a final sprint. This can be explained using a mathematical model describing the evolution of the velocity, the anaerobic energy, and the propulsive force: a system of ordinary differential equations, based on Newton's second law and energy conservation, is coupled to the condition of optimizing the time to run a fixed distance. We show that the monotony of the velocity curve vs time is the opposite of that of the oxygen uptake ($dotVO2$) vs time. Since the oxygen uptake is monotone increasing for a short run, we prove that the velocity is exponentially increasing to its maximum and then decreasing. For longer races, the oxygen uptake has an increasing start and a decreasing end and this accounts for the change of velocity profiles. Numerical simulations are compared to timesplits from real races in world championships for 100m, 400m and 800m and the curves match quite well.

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Cites work

• A mathematical method for the force and energetics in competitive running
• How to identify the physiological parameters and run the optimal race
• On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming
• Optimal Velocity in a Race
• Optimization models for the force and energy in competitive running
• Optimization of Running Strategies Based on Anaerobic Energy and Variations of Velocity
• Runge-Kutta methods in optimal control and the transformed adjoint system
• The optimal strategy for running a race (a mathematical model for world records from 50 m to 275 km)

Cited in

(6)

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1424935 (Why is no real title available?)
• Asymptotic solution of a boundary value problem for a spring-mass model of legged locomotion
• How to identify the physiological parameters and run the optimal race
• Pace and motor control optimization for a runner
• Linear turnpike theorem
• Nash equilibrium in a stochastic model of two competing athletes

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• Bocop
• Ipopt

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