How to run 100 meters

DOI10.1137/16M1081919zbMATH Open1372.49024arXiv1606.09497OpenAlexW2963586121MaRDI QIDQ5348490FDOQ5348490

Amandine Aftalion

Publication date: 18 August 2017

Published in: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to bring a mathematical justification to the optimal way of organizing one's effort when running. It is well known from physiologists that all running exercises of duration less than 3mn are run with a strong initial acceleration and a decelerating end; on the contrary, long races are run with a final sprint. This can be explained using a mathematical model describing the evolution of the velocity, the anaerobic energy, and the propulsive force: a system of ordinary differential equations, based on Newton's second law and energy conservation, is coupled to the condition of optimizing the time to run a fixed distance. We show that the monotony of the velocity curve vs time is the opposite of that of the oxygen uptake ($dotVO2$) vs time. Since the oxygen uptake is monotone increasing for a short run, we prove that the velocity is exponentially increasing to its maximum and then decreasing. For longer races, the oxygen uptake has an increasing start and a decreasing end and this accounts for the change of velocity profiles. Numerical simulations are compared to timesplits from real races in world championships for 100m, 400m and 800m and the curves match quite well.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.09497

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zbMATH Keywords

optimal controlanaerobic energystate constraintsingular arcrunning race

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations (49J15) Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations (49K15) Newton-type methods (49M15) Biology, chemistry, medicine (aspects of mathematics education) (97M60)

Cites Work

• On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming
• Runge-Kutta methods in optimal control and the transformed adjoint system
• The optimal strategy for running a race (a mathematical model for world records from 50 m to 275 km)
• How to identify the physiological parameters and run the optimal race
• Optimal Velocity in a Race
• Optimization of Running Strategies Based on Anaerobic Energy and Variations of Velocity
• A mathematical method for the force and energetics in competitive running
• Optimization models for the force and energy in competitive running

Cited In (5)

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Asymptotic solution of a boundary value problem for a spring-mass model of legged locomotion
• Pace and motor control optimization for a runner
• Linear turnpike theorem
• Nash equilibrium in a stochastic model of two competing athletes

Uses Software

• Ipopt
• Bocop

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