Concentration of measure for quantum states with a fixed expectation value

DOI10.1007/S00220-011-1205-1zbMATH Open1261.81014arXiv1003.4982OpenAlexW3099321456WikidataQ57637228 ScholiaQ57637228MaRDI QIDQ535182FDOQ535182

Authors: Markus Müller, Jens Eisert, David J. Gross 

Publication date: 11 May 2011

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given some observable H of a finite-dimensional quantum system, we investigate the typical properties of random quantum state vectors that have a fixed expectation value with respect to H. Under some some conditions on the spectrum, we prove that this manifold of quantum states shows a concentration of measure phenomenon: any continuous function on this set is almost everywhere close to its mean. We also give a method to estimate the corresponding expectation values analytically, and we prove a formula for the typical reduced density matrix in the case that H is a sum of local observables. We discuss the implications of our results as new proof tools in quantum information theory and to study phenomena in quantum statistical mechanics. As a by-product, we derive a method to sample the resulting distribution numerically, which generalizes the well-known Gaussian method to draw random states from the sphere.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4982

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum state spaces, operational and probabilistic concepts (81P16)

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Cited In (11)

• Concentration inequalities for output statistics of quantum Markov processes
• Operational axioms for diagonalizing states
• Typicality of pure states randomly sampled according to the Gaussian adjusted projected measure
• Concentration of measure effects in quantum information
• Entanglement and thermodynamics in general probabilistic theories
• Why are macroscopic experiments reproducible? Imitating the behavior of an ensemble by single pure states
• Probability density of quantum expectation values
• Unifying typical entanglement and coin tossing: on randomization in probabilistic theories
• Quantifying stability of quantum statistical ensembles
• Time evolution of typical pure states from a macroscopic Hilbert subspace
• Convergence Conditions of Mixed States and their von Neumann Entropy in Continuous Quantum Measurements

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