Concentration of measure for quantum states with a fixed expectation value
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Abstract: Given some observable H of a finite-dimensional quantum system, we investigate the typical properties of random quantum state vectors that have a fixed expectation value with respect to H. Under some some conditions on the spectrum, we prove that this manifold of quantum states shows a concentration of measure phenomenon: any continuous function on this set is almost everywhere close to its mean. We also give a method to estimate the corresponding expectation values analytically, and we prove a formula for the typical reduced density matrix in the case that H is a sum of local observables. We discuss the implications of our results as new proof tools in quantum information theory and to study phenomena in quantum statistical mechanics. As a by-product, we derive a method to sample the resulting distribution numerically, which generalizes the well-known Gaussian method to draw random states from the sphere.
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Cited in
(11)- Concentration inequalities for output statistics of quantum Markov processes
- Operational axioms for diagonalizing states
- Typicality of pure states randomly sampled according to the Gaussian adjusted projected measure
- Concentration of measure effects in quantum information
- Entanglement and thermodynamics in general probabilistic theories
- Why are macroscopic experiments reproducible? Imitating the behavior of an ensemble by single pure states
- Probability density of quantum expectation values
- Unifying typical entanglement and coin tossing: on randomization in probabilistic theories
- Quantifying stability of quantum statistical ensembles
- Time evolution of typical pure states from a macroscopic Hilbert subspace
- Convergence Conditions of Mixed States and their von Neumann Entropy in Continuous Quantum Measurements
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