Probability density of quantum expectation values

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2013.05.041MaRDI QIDQ482948zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors L. Campos Venuti, Paolo Zanardi

Publication date 15 December 2014

Published in Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.4810

zbMATH Keywords

Haar measureprobability densitymeasure concentrationtypicality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

Abstract: We consider the quantum expectation value mathcal{A}=<psi|A|psi> of an observable A over the state |psi> . We derive the exact probability distribution of mathcal{A} seen as a random variable when |psi> varies over the set of all pure states equipped with the Haar-induced measure. The probability density is obtained with elementary means by computing its characteristic function, both for non-degenerate and degenerate observables. To illustrate our results we compare the exact predictions for few concrete examples with the concentration bounds obtained using Levy's lemma. Finally we comment on the relevance of the central limit theorem and draw some results on an alternative statistical mechanics based on the uniform measure on the energy shell.

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Cited in

(9)

• A holographic model for black hole complementarity
• Probability density functions of quantum mechanical observable uncertainties
• A new phase space density for quantum expectations
• Quantum phase transition, quantum fidelity and fidelity susceptibility in the Yang-Baxter system
• Solving quasi-free and quadratic Lindblad master equations for open fermionic and bosonic systems
• Towards a geometrization of quantum complexity and chaos
• Uncertainty regions of observables and state-independent uncertainty relations
• Eigenvalue distributions of reduced density matrices
• Typicality of pure states randomly sampled according to the Gaussian adjusted projected measure

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