Factorization for Hardy spaces and characterization for BMO spaces via commutators in the Bessel setting

Abstract: Fix

l a m b d a > 0

. Consider the Hardy space

H^{1} (m a t h b b R_{+}, d m_{l} a m b d a)

in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, where

m a t h b b R_{+} : = (0, i n f t y)

and

d m_{l} a m b d a : = x^{2 l a m b d a} d x

with

d x

the Lebesgue measure. Also consider the Bessel operators

D e l t a_{l} a m b d a : = - f r a c d^{2} d x^{2} - f r a c 2 l a m b d a x f r a c d d x

, and

S_{l} a m b d a : = - f r a c d^{2} d x^{2} + f r a c l a m b d a^{2} - l a m b d a x^{2}

on

m a t h b b R_{+}

. The Hardy spaces

H_{D e l t a_{l} a m b d a}^{1}

and

H_{S_{l} a m b d a}^{1}

associated with

D e l t a_{l} a m b d a

and

S_{l} a m b d a

are defined via the Riesz transforms

R_{D e l t a_{l} a m b d a} : = p a r t i a l_{x} (D e l t a_{l} a m b d a)^{- 1 / 2}

and

R_{S_{l} a m b d a} : = x^{l} a m b d a p a r t i a l_{x} x^{- l a m b d a} (S_{l} a m b d a)^{- 1 / 2}

, respectively. It is known that

H_{D e l t a_{l} a m b d a}^{1}

and

H^{1} (m a t h b b R_{+}, d m_{l} a m b d a)

coincide but they are different from

H_{S_{l} a m b d a}^{1}

. In this article, we prove the following: (a) a weak factorization of

H^{1} (m a t h b b R_{+}, d m_{l} a m b d a)

by using a bilinear form of the Riesz transform

R_{D e l t a_{l} a m b d a}

, which implies the characterization of the BMO space associated to

D e l t a_{l} a m b d a

via the commutators related to

R_{D e l t a_{l} a m b d a}

; (b) the BMO space associated to

S_{l} a m b d a

can not be characterized by commutators related to

R_{S_{l} a m b d a}

, which implies that

H_{S_{l} a m b d a}^{1}

does not have a weak factorization via a bilinear form of the Riesz transform

R_{S_{l} a m b d a}

.

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