Remarks on holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces

Kleinian groups (aspects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization) (30F40) Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Teichmüller theory (complex-analytic aspects in several variables) (32G15)

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Let W be a domain in \({\mathbb{C}}\) or a Riemann surface, S a Riemann surface of type (g,n) with \(3g-3+n>0\), T(S) the Teichmüller space of S, and \(\psi\) a locally holomorphic map : \(W\to T(S)\) which has an analytic continuation along every curve in W. For an arbitrary branch \(\psi (\cdot,w_ 0)\) of \(\psi\) at \(w_ 0\in W\) and for any curve \(\gamma\) in W from \(w_ 0\) to \(w\in W\), \(\psi^{\gamma}(\cdot,w_ 0)\) means the analytic continuation of \(\psi (\cdot,w_ 0)\) along \(\gamma\). A point in T(S) determined by the quasiconformal map \(f: S\to S'\), where S' is a Riemann surface of type (g,n), is denoted by [f,S']. The triple (W,\(\psi\),S) is a holomorphic family of S over W, i.e. for every \(w_ 0\in W\) and for every closed curve c in W based at \(w_ 0\), \(S_{w_ 0,w_ 0}\) and \(S^ c_{w_ 0,w_ 0}\) are conformally equivalent, where \[ \psi (w_ 0,w_ 0)=[f_{w_ 0,w_ 0},S_{w_ 0,w_ 0}]\quad and\quad \psi^ c(w_ 0,w_ 0)=[f^ c_{w_ 0,w_ 0},S^ c_{w_ 0,w_ 0}]. \] First \(W=D^*=D\setminus \{0\}\), where D is the unit disc. Let \(w_ 0\in D^*\) and \(c=\{w_ 0e^{i\theta}\); \(0\leq \theta \leq 2\pi \}\). Then there exists \(\chi_ c\in Mod(S)\) such that (*) \(\psi^ c(w_ 0;w_ 0)=\chi_ c(\psi (w_ 0,w_ 0))\). Let \(\chi_ c\) be of infinite order. If \(\Phi\) is an accumulation point of \(\{\psi^{c^ n}(w_ 0,w_ 0)\}^{\pm \infty}_{n=1}\), then \(\Theta_{\Phi}(G)\) is a regular b-group. Here S is conformally equivalent to U/G, where G is a torsion free Fuchsian group acting on the upper half plane U and \(\Theta_{\Phi}\) is a group isomorphism \(G\to_{into}SL'(2,{\mathbb{C}})\) determined by \(\Phi\). For any open arc \(\gamma =\{\gamma (t)\); \(0\leq t<1\}\) in \(D^*\), with \(\gamma (0)=w_ 0\) and \(\lim_{t\to 1}\gamma (t)=0\) set \(\gamma_ s=\gamma | [0,s]\), \(s<1\), and \(f(s)=\psi^{\gamma_ s}(\gamma (s),w_ 0)\in T(S)\); then the cluster set of f(s) as \(s\to 1\) consists of cusps on \(\partial T(s)\), and in special cases (e.g. if dim T(S)\(=1)\) of regular b-groups. Next, let \(W=D\setminus E\) with \(E\subset D\) a compact set of positive capacity. If (D\(\setminus E,\psi,S)\) is a holomorphic family, there is a point \(e\in E\) and \(\gamma =\{\gamma (t)\); \(0\leq t<1\}\) in \(D\setminus E\) with \(\lim_{t\to 1}\gamma (t)=e\) such that \(\lim_{s\to 1}f(s)\) exists and is not a cusp. Uniqueness theorems for holomorphic families for \(W=D^*\) and \(W\in {\mathcal O}_ G\) are given and interesting examples of holomorphic families constructed.

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