Equivariant bifurcation, quadratic equivariants, and symmetry breaking for the standard representation of S k

DOI10.1088/1361-6544/AC619FMaRDI QIDQ5865779zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yossi Arjevani, Michael Field

Publication date 10 June 2022

Published in Nonlinearity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.02422

zbMATH Keywords

gradient dynamicssymmetric groupequivariant bifurcationminimal modelsforced symmetry breakingspurious minima

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Dynamical aspects of symmetries, equivariant bifurcation theory (37G40) Symmetries, equivariance on manifolds (58K70) Equivariant dynamical systems (37C81)

Abstract: Motivated by questions originating from the study of a class of shallow student-teacher neural networks, methods are developed for the analysis of spurious minima in classes of gradient equivariant dynamics related to neural nets. In the symmetric case, methods depend on the generic equivariant bifurcation theory of irreducible representations of the symmetric group on $n$ symbols, $S_n$; in particular, the standard representation of $S_n$. It is shown that spurious minima do not arise from spontaneous symmetry breaking but rather through a complex deformation of the landscape geometry that can be encoded by a generic $S_n$-equivariant bifurcation. We describe minimal models for forced symmetry breaking that give a lower bound on the dynamic complexity involved in the creation of spurious minima when there is no symmetry. Results on generic bifurcation when there are quadratic equivariants are also proved; this work extends and clarifies results of Ihrig & Golubitsky and Chossat, Lauterback & Melbourne on the instability of solutions when there are quadratic equivariants.

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