Ultra-massive spacetimes

DOI10.4171/PM/2095MaRDI QIDQ6041145zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors José M. M. Senovilla

Publication date 26 May 2023

Published in Portugaliae Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.14585

zbMATH Keywords

black holesmarginally trapped surfacesarea limit

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Black holes (83C57) Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. (83C75)

Abstract: A positive cosmological constant $Lambda>0$ sets an upper limit for the area of marginally future-trapped surfaces enclosing a black hole (BH). Does this mean that the mass of the BH cannot increase beyond the corresponding limit? I analyze some simple spherically symmetric models where regions within a dynamical horizon keep gaining mass-energy so that eventually the $Lambda$ limit is surpassed. This shows that the black hole proper transmutes into a collapsing universe, and no observers will ever reach infinity, which dematerializes together with the event horizon and the `cosmological horizon'. The region containing the dynamical horizon cannot be causally influenced by the vast majority of the spacetime, its past being just a finite portion of the total, spatially infinite, spacetime. Thereby, a new type of horizon arises, but now relative to past null infinity: the boundary of the past of all marginally trapped spheres, which contains in particular one with the maximum area $4pi/Lambda$. The singularity is universal and extends mostly outside the collapsing matter. The resulting spacetimes models turn out to be inextendible and globally hyperbolic. It is remarkable that they cannot exist if $Lambda$ vanishes. Given the accepted value of $Lambda$ deduced from cosmological observations, such ultra-massive objects will need to contain a substantial portion of the total {it present} mass of the {it observable} Universe.

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Cited in

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• Extreme objects with arbitrary large mass, or density, and arbitrary size
• Volume singularities in general relativity
• Ultrastatic space-times
• Upper bound for diameter of cosmological black holes and nonexistence of black strings
• Beyond black holes: universal properties of ‘ultra-massive’ spacetimes
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