Some families of big and stable bundles on K3 surfaces and on their Hilbert schemes of points

DOI10.1007/S00229-022-01439-2MaRDI QIDQ6050179zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gilberto Bini, Samuel Boissière, Flaminio Flamini

Publication date 12 October 2023

Published in Manuscripta Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01598

\(K3\) surfaces big vector bundles Hilbert schemes slope-stability

Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) (14C05) Rational and birational maps (14E05) Families, moduli, classification: algebraic theory (14J10) Holomorphic symplectic varieties, hyper-Kähler varieties (14J42) Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties, and their moduli (14J60)

Abstract: Here we investigate meaningful families of vector bundles on a very general polarized

K 3

surface

(X, H)

and on the corresponding Hyper--Kaehler variety given by the Hilbert scheme of points

X^{[k]} := {m H i l b}^{k} (X)

, for any integer

k g e q s l a n t 2

. In particular, we prove results concerning bigness and stability of such bundles. First, we give conditions on integers

n

such that the twist of the tangent bundle of

X

by the line bundle

n H

is big and stable on~

X

; we then prove a similar result for a natural twist of the tangent bundle of

X^{[k]}

. Next, we prove global generation, bigness and stability results for tautological bundles on

X^{[k]}

arising either from line bundles or from Mukai-Lazarsfeld bundles, as well as from Ulrich bundles on

X

, using a careful analysis on Segre classes and numerical computations for

k = 2, 3

.

Review text

This paper discusses bigness and slope-stability of some meaningful vector bundles on \(K3\) surfaces and Hilbert schemes of points on \(K3\) surfaces. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective variety. A rank \(r\) vector bundle \(E\) on \(X\) is said to be \textit{big} if \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}(E)}(1)\) is big on \(\mathbb{P}(E)\). Let \(X\) be a very general polarised \(K3\) surface \((X,H)\) with polarisation \(H\) and genus \(g\). The first main result of this paper is to list the pairs of integers \((g,n)\) such that \(T_X(n) := T_X\otimes H^{\otimes n}\) is big. Let \(\mu_H(E) := \frac{\int_X c_1(E)\cdot H}{r}\) be the \(H\)-slope of \(E\). The authors also examine the moduli space of \(\mu_H\)-stable vector bundles \(M_H(v_{g,n})^s\) on \((X,H)\), where \(v_{g,n}\) is the Mukai vector of \(T_X(n)\). For all pairs \((g,n)\) such that \(T_X(n)\) is big, they show this moduli space to be a smooth, quasi-projective variety of dimension 90 whose general element parameterises a rank 2 vector bundle with Mukai vector \(v_{g,n}\). For \(Y := X^{[k]}\), the Hilbert scheme of \(k\) points on \(X\), they show the bundle \(T_Y(n) := T_Y\otimes H_Y^{\otimes n}\) to be \(\mu_{H_Y}\)-stable for all pairs of integers \((g,n)\) and list also the pairs of integers \((g,n)\) for which \(T_Y(n)\) is big. They then assume \(g\geq 3\) and consider some other meaningful vector bundles on \(X\) and \(X^{[k]}\). Let \(C\in |H|\) be a general curve and let \(|A| = g^{r-1}_d\) be a complete linear series on \(C\). For suitable \(A\) and \(|H|\), there exists a \textit{Mukai-Lazarsfeld} vector bundle \(E_{C,A}\) associated to the triple \((X,C,A)\) and which relates to the Brill-Noether locus \(W^{r-1}_d(C)\). Given certain numerical assumptions on \(C\) and \(A\), the authors prove that there exists a bundle \(E_{C,A}\) which is globally generated and \(\mu_H\)-stable on \(X\). They describe also how the moduli space \(M_H(v)^s\) behaves for different numerical assumptions, where \(v\) is the Mukai vector of \(E_{C,A}\). They show that for every integer \(a\geq 1\), there exists an \((8a^2+2a^2(g-1)+2)\)-dimensional family of \(\mu_H\)-stable Ulrich bundles \(E\) on \(X\) with Mukai vector \(v=(2a, 3aH, 2a(g-2))\). In this case, the general point of \(M_H(v)^s\) corresponds to a \(\mu_H\)-stable Ulrich bundle of rank \(2a\) which is also globally generated and big. Finally, let \(E^{[k]}\) be the tautological bundle on \(X^{[k]}\) associated to a vector bundle \(E\) on \(X\). Then, for meaningful vector bundles \(E\) like those mentioned above, they prove again bigness and stability results. The proofs use that \(E^{[k]}\) is globally generated to show nefness and recurrence formulas on Segre classes to show bigness.

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