scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2135188

Publication date 18 February 2005

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0211313

(K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Fano varieties (14J45)

Let \(V\) be a smooth Fano \(3\)-fold, that is a smooth \(3\)-dimensional variety with ample anticanonical bundle, \(K_V^{-1}\). Let \(S\) be a smooth element in the linear system \(| K_V^{-1}| \). It turns out that \(S\) is a \(K3\) surface with a natural polarization \(L={K_{V}^{-1}}_{| S}\). The question is: which \(K3\) surfaces can be obtained in this way? In the paper under review the author considers such a problem. In order to state the main theorem more notation is needed. Let \(V\) and \(S\) be as above. If one equips \(\text{Pic}(V)\) with the scalar product \((L,M) \to L\cdot M\cdot K_V^{-1}\) the restriction map \(\text{Pic}(V) \to \text{Pic}(S)\) is a lattice embedding, it maps the anticanonical bundle \(K_V^{-1}\) to the polarization of \(S\). Let \(R\) be a fixed lattice with a distinguished element \(\rho\) of square \(2g-2\) and let \({\mathcal F}_{g}^{R}\) be the moduli stack parametrizing pairs \((V,S)\) of genus \(g\) with a lattice isomorphism \(R\cong \text{Pic}(V)\) which maps \(\rho\) to \(K_V^{-1}\). Let \({\mathcal K}_{g}^{R}\) be the algebraic stack parametrizing \(K3\) surfaces \(S\) with an embedding of the lattice \(R\) as a primitive sublattice of \(\text{Pic}(S)\), mapping \(\rho\) to an ample class. There is a forgetful morphism \(s_{g}^{R}: {\mathcal F}_{g}^{R} \to {\mathcal K}_{g}^{R}\) which associates to the pair \((V,S)\) the surface \(S\). The main result is that the morphism \(s_{g}^{R}\) is smooth and generically surjective; its relative dimension at \((V,S)\) is \(b_3(V)/2\). A consequence of the main result is that a general polarized \(K3\) surface with \text{Pic}ard group \(P\) and polarization \(h\) is an anticanonical divisor in a Fano \(3\)-fold if and only if \((P,h)\) is isomorphic to \((\text{Pic}(V), K_V^{-1})\) for some Fano threefold \(V\). The author discusses also the analogous question for curve sections of \(K3\) surfaces. For similar problems see [\textit{S. Mukai}, in: Algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, Vol. I, 357--377 (1988; Zbl 0701.14044); and in: Complex projective geometry, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 179, 255--263 (1992; Zbl 0774.14037)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1051.00013].

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