Hook length biases and general linear partition inequalities

DOI10.1007/S40687-023-00402-1MaRDI QIDQ6076979zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Cristina Ballantine, Hannah Burson, Amanda Folsom, Boya Wen, William Craig

Publication date 17 October 2023

Published in Research in the Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.16512

zbMATH Keywords

partition inequalitieshook lengthdistinct partitionsodd partitionspartition asymptotics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Analytic theory of partitions (11P82) Partitions; congruences and congruential restrictions (11P83)

Abstract: Motivated in part by hook-content formulas for certain restricted partitions in representation theory, we consider the total number of hooks of fixed length in odd versus distinct partitions. We show that there are more hooks of length $2$, respectively $3$, in all odd partitions of $n$ than in all distinct partitions of $n$, and make the analogous conjecture for arbitrary hook length $tgeq2$. We also establish additional bias results on the number of gaps of size $1,$ respectively $2$, in all odd versus distinct partitions of $n$. We conjecture similar biases and asymptotics, as well as congruences for the number of hooks of fixed length in odd distinct partitions versus self-conjugate partitions. An integral component of the proof of our bias result for hooks of length $3$ is a linear inequality involving $q(n)$, the number of distinct partitions of $n$. In this article we also establish effective linear inequalities for $q(n)$ in great generality, a result which is of independent interest. Our methods are both analytic and combinatorial, and our results and conjectures intersect the areas of representation theory, analytic number theory, partition theory, and $q$-series. In particular, we use a Rademacher-type exact formula for $q(n),$ Wright's circle method, modularity, $q$-series transformations, asymptotic methods, and combinatorial arguments.

Recommendations

• Hooks and powers of parts in partitions
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Cited in

(5)

• Hook length and symplectic content in partitions
• Hook lengths in self-conjugate partitions
• Hook length biases in ordinary and \(t\)-regular partitions
• Some Conjectures and Open Problems on Partition Hook Lengths
• Truncated theta series related to the Jacobi triple product identity

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