On special values of generators of modular function fields

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2023.127741MaRDI QIDQ6085409zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 8 November 2023

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2023.127741

class field theory modular curves modular functions

Complex multiplication and moduli of abelian varieties (11G15) Elliptic and modular units (11G16) Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura varieties (11G18) Class field theory (11R37) Arithmetic theory of algebraic function fields (11R58)

Review text

Let \(N\) be a positive integer, \(\zeta_N\) a primitive \(N\)-th root of unity, \(X(N)\) the modular curve of level \(N\) and \({\mathcal F}_{X(N),{\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)}\) its field of meromorphic functions with Fourier coefficients in \({\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)\). Set \({\mathbb H}=\{\tau\in{\mathbb C}\mid \mathrm{Im}(\tau)>0\}\) and \({\mathbb H}^*={\mathbb H}\cup {\mathbb Q}\cup \{\infty\}\). Let \(X_1(N)=\Gamma_1(N)\setminus {\mathbb H}^*\) be the modular curve for the congruence subgroup \[ \Gamma_1=\Big\{\gamma\in\mathrm{SL}_2({\mathbb Z})\mid \gamma\equiv \Big[\begin{array}{cc} 1&*\\ 0& 1\end{array}\Big] (\bmod NM_2({\mathbb Z}))\Big\}. \] Let \(L\subseteq {\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)\) and let \({\mathcal F}_{X,L}\) denote the field of meromorphic functions \(X\) whose Fourier coefficients belong to \(L\). We have \({\mathcal F}_{X(1),{\mathbb Q}} ={\mathbb Q}(j)\), where \(j\) is certain elliptic modular function. The authors consider the following Claim A: Let \(h\) be a nonconstant function on \({\mathbb H}\) satisfying \[ {\mathcal F}_{X(1),{\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)}\subseteq {\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N, j,h)\subseteq {\mathcal F}_{X(N),{\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)}. \] Let \(K\) be an imaginary quadratic field. If \(h\) is defined at \(z_K\), where \(z_K\in K\cap {\mathbb H}\) is such that \({\mathcal O}_K={\mathbb Z} z_K+{\mathbb Z}\). Then \[ K_{(N)}=K(\zeta_N, j(z_K), h(z_K))=H_K(\zeta_N, h(z_K)), \] where the Hilbert class field of \(K\) is \(H_K=K(j(z_K))\) and the ray class field of \(K\) modulo \(N{\mathcal O}_K\) is \(K_{(N)}=K(f(z_K)\mid f\in {\mathcal F}_{ X(N),{\mathbb Q}(\zeta_N)} \text{ is defined at }z_K)\). The paper consists of three parts. First, in Section 3, several counterexamples to Claim A are given. Next, in Section 4, the authors prove that Claim A holds true for all but finitely many imaginary quadratic fields \(K\) (Theorems 4.1 and 4.5). Finally, in Section 5, the authors present a practical way of specifying exceptions in Theorem 4.1 in terms of affine plane curves (Theorem 5.2).

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