Cohomology rings and algebraic torus actions on hypersurfaces in the product of projective spaces and bounded flag varieties

Automorphisms of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties (14J50) Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients) (14L30) Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Momentum maps; symplectic reduction (53D20) Applications of graph theory to circuits and networks (94C15)

Abstract: In this paper, for any Milnor hypersurface we find the largest dimension of effective algebraic torus actions on it. The proof of the corresponding theorem is based on the computation of the automorphism group for any Milnor hypersurface. We find all generalised Buchstaber-Ray and Ray hypersurfaces that are toric varieties. We compute the Betti numbers of these hypersurfaces and describe their integral singular cohomology rings in terms of the cohomology of the corresponding ambient varieties.

Review text

The paper studies torus actions and cohomology of three families of nonsingular complex algebraic hypersurfaces, namely, Milnor, Ray and Buchstaber-Ray hypersurfaces. The Milnor hypersurfaces \(H_{i,j}\subset\mathbb{P}^i\times\mathbb{P}^j\) are inverse images of the transverse intersections with a generic hyperplane of the Segre embedding of \(\mathbb{P}^i\times\mathbb{P}^j\) into \(\mathbb{P}^{(i+1)(j+1)-1}\). Buchstaber-Ray showed that they are toric if and only if \(\min(i,j)\leq1\) [\textit{V. M. Bukhshtaber} and \textit{N. Ray}, Russ. Math. Surv. 53, No. 2, 371--373 (1998; Zbl 0967.57030)]. The author computes the automorphism group of \(H_{i,j}\) for any integers \(i,j\geq0\) using a well-known sheaf-theoretic argument for Fano varieties, and deduces that the largest dimension of algebraic torus actions on \(H_{i,j}\) is \(\max(i,j)\). The Ray hypersurfaces \(R_{i,j}\) live in \(BF_i\times BF_j\), where \(BF_k\) is a bounded flag variety. The author proves that they are toric if and only if \(\min(i,j)=0,1\) or \(i=j=2\). This result was the original motivation for the paper, as toric \(R_{i,j}\) provide a simple proof of a theorem from algebraic topology (see [\textit{G. D. Solomadin}, Math. Notes 105, No. 5, 763--780 (2019; Zbl 1454.57026)]). Further, the author proves that the morphism of the integral cohomology ring induced by the embedding into \(BF_i\) is onto, and describes its kernel. This allows him to compute the Betti numbers of \(R_{i,j}\). The proof is based on defining an effective torus action on \(R_{i,j}\) and developing a formalism of weight hypergraphs that generalizes one for GKM (Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson) hypergraphs. Invariant subgraphs are defined as suitable generalizations of faces and the author constructs one consisting of definite edges which is not convex when \(i,j\) do not satisfy the toricity conditions listed above. Finally, the Buchstaber-Ray hypersurfaces \(BR_{i,j}\) in \(BF_i\times\mathbb{P}^j\) are actually a generalization of those defined only for \(i\leq j\) by Buchstaber-Ray in 1998 [\textit{V. M. Buchstaber} and \textit{N. Ray}, Geom. Topol. 2, 79--101 (1998; Zbl 0907.57025)]. The author proves that they are toric if and only if \(i\leq j\) or \(j=0,1\), and derives cohomology results analogous to those for \(R_{i,j}\). The proof is also based on weight hypergraphs, but this time the non-toricity is inferred from their having a non-identical monodromy map along a loop of definite edges.

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