A sum-bracket theorem for simple Lie algebras

Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) Graded Lie (super)algebras (17B70) Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras (17B20) Mal'tsev rings and algebras (17D10) Combinatorial aspects of groups and algebras (05E16)

Abstract: Let

m a t h f r a k g

be an algebra over

K

with a bilinear operation

[c d o t, c d o t] : m a t h f r a k g i m e s m a t h f r a k g i g h t a r r o w m a t h f r a k g

not necessarily associative. For

A s u b s e t e q m a t h f r a k g

, let

A^{k}

be the set of elements of

m a t h f r a k g

written combining

k

elements of

A

via

+

and

[c d o t, c d o t]

. We show a "sum-bracket theorem" for simple Lie algebras over

K

of the form

m a t h f r a k g = m a t h f r a k {s l}_{n}, m a t h f r a k {s o}_{n}, m a t h f r a k {s p}_{2 n}, m a t h f r a k e_{6}, m a t h f r a k e_{7}, m a t h f r a k e_{8}, m a t h f r a k f_{4}, m a t h f r a k g_{2}

: if

m a t h r m c h a r (K)

is not too small, we have growth of the form

| A^{k} | g e q | A |^{1 + v a r e p s i l o n}

for all generating symmetric sets

A

away from subfields of

K

. Over

m a t h b b F_{p}

in particular, we have a diameter bound matching the best analogous bounds for groups of Lie type [BDH21]. As an independent intermediate result, we prove also an estimate of the form

| A c a p V | l e q | A^{k} |^{d i m (V) / d i m (m a t h f r a k g)}

for linear affine subspaces

V

of

m a t h f r a k g

. This estimate is valid for all simple algebras, and

k

is especially small for a large class of them including associative, Lie, and Mal'cev algebras, and Lie superalgebras.

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