Improved upper bounds for the hot spots constant of Lipschitz domains

DOI10.1007/S11118-022-10001-4MaRDI QIDQ6170116zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Phanuel Mariano, Hugo Panzo, Jing Wang

Publication date 15 August 2023

Published in Potential Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.03672

zbMATH Keywords

exit timehot spots conjectureNeumann problemshape functional

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Brownian motion (60J65)

Abstract: The Hot Spots constant for bounded smooth domains was recently introduced by Steinerberger (2021) as a means to control the global extrema of the first nontrivial eigenfunction of the Neumann Laplacian by its boundary extrema. We generalize the Hot Spots constant to bounded Lipschitz domains and show that it leads to an if and only if condition for the weak Hot Spots conjecture HS2 from Ba~{n}uelos and Burdzy (1999). We also derive a new general formula for a dimension-dependent upper bound that can be tailored to any specific class of domains. This formula is then used to compute upper bounds for the Hot Spots constant of the class of all bounded Lipschitz domains in $mathbb{R}^d$ for both small $d$ and for asymptotically large $d$ that significantly improve upon the existing results.

Review text

The authors consider the first non-trivial eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenfunction of the negative Laplacian on a bounded Euclidean domain with sufficiently regular boundary prescribing homogeneous boundary conditions on it. In the famous conjecture by Rauch, it is postulated that this eigenfunction attains its maximum and minimum on the boundary which is known as the hot spots conjecture. However, for smooth domains with a hole this conjecture is not always true. Recently, Steinerberger introduced the hot spots constant and mathematically showed bounds for it on such smooth domains. In this article, a general formula for the hot spots constant depending on the dimension \(d\) for bounded Lipschitz domains is given. The formula is then used to derive new upper bounds for these domains in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) for small \(d\) and asymptotically large \(d\) significantly improving existing results.

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Cited in

(5)

• An upper bound on the hot spots constant
• Heat profile, level sets and hot spots of Laplace eigenfunctions
• Spectral bounds for exit times on metric measure Dirichlet spaces and applications
• Inequalities between Neumann and Dirichlet Laplacian eigenvalues on planar domains
• Uniqueness of critical points of the second Neumann eigenfunctions on triangles

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