Heat kernels for a class of hybrid evolution equations

DOI10.1007/S11118-022-10003-2MaRDI QIDQ6170118zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nicola Garofalo, Giulio Tralli

Publication date 15 August 2023

Published in Potential Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10862

zbMATH Keywords

Cauchy problemCR extension problemheat kernel

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat kernel (35K08) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03) Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17)

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct (explicit) heat kernels for some hybrid evolution equations which arise in physics, conformal geometry and subelliptic PDEs. Hybrid means that the relevant partial differential operator appears in the form $mathscr{L}_1+mathscr{L}_2-partia{l}_t$, but the variables cannot be decoupled. As a consequence, the relative heat kernel cannot be obtained as the product of the heat kernels of the operators $mathscr{L}_1-partia{l}_t$ and $mathscr{L}_2-partia{l}_t$. Our approach is new and ultimately rests on the generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators in the opening of H"ormander's 1967 groundbreaking paper on hypoellipticity.

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