Suppressing instability in a Vlasov-Poisson system by an external electric field through constrained optimization

DOI10.1016/J.JCP.2023.112662MaRDI QIDQ6187634zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors L. Einkemmer, Qin Li, Li Wang, Yang Yunan

Publication date 31 January 2024

Published in Journal of Computational Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17994

zbMATH Keywords

controldiscretize-then-optimizenonlinear dynamicssemi-Lagrangian schemessuppression of plasma instabilityVlasov-Poisson equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Partial differential equations of mathematical physics and other areas of application (35Qxx) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65Mxx) Applications of statistical mechanics to specific types of physical systems (82Dxx)

Abstract: Fusion energy offers the potential for the generation of clean, safe, and nearly inexhaustible energy. While notable progress has been made in recent years, significant challenges persist in achieving net energy gain. Improving plasma confinement and stability stands as a crucial task in this regard and requires optimization and control of the plasma system. In this work, we deploy a PDE-constrained optimization formulation that uses a kinetic description for plasma dynamics as the constraint. This is to optimize, over all possible controllable external electric fields, the stability of the plasma dynamics under the condition that the Vlasov--Poisson (VP) equation is satisfied. For computing the functional derivative with respect to the external field in the optimization updates, the adjoint equation is derived. Furthermore, in the discrete setting, where we employ the semi-Lagrangian method as the forward solver, we also explicitly formulate the corresponding adjoint solver and the gradient as the discrete analogy to the adjoint equation and the Frechet derivative. A distinct feature we observed of this constrained optimization is the complex landscape of the objective function and the existence of numerous local minima, largely due to the hyperbolic nature of the VP system. To overcome this issue, we utilize a gradient-accelerated genetic algorithm, leveraging the advantages of the genetic algorithm's exploration feature to cover a broader search of the solution space and the fast local convergence aided by the gradient information. We show that our algorithm obtains good electric fields that are able to maintain a prescribed profile in a beam shaping problem and uses nonlinear effects to suppress plasma instability in a two-stream configuration.

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• Optimal design of equilibrium solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system by an external electric field
• Control of a uniformly magnetized plasma with external electric fields
• Robust feedback control of collisional plasma dynamics in presence of uncertainties
• Mini-workshop: High-dimensional control problems and mean-field equations with applications in machine learning. Abstracts from the mini-workshop held December 8--13, 2024
• Control of instability in a Vlasov-Poisson system through an external electric field
• Instantaneous control strategies for magnetically confined fusion plasma
• What metric to optimize for suppressing instability in a Vlasov-Poisson system?

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