Spectral theory of Jacobi operators with increasing coefficients. The critical case

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Difference operators (39A70) Scattering theory of linear operators (47A40) Linear difference operators (47B39)

Abstract: Spectral properties of Jacobi operators

J

are intimately related to an asymptotic behavior of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials

P_{n} (z)

as

n o i n f t y

. We study the case where the off-diagonal coefficients

a_{n}

and, eventually, diagonal coefficients

b_{n}

of

J

tend to infinity in such a way that the ratio

g a m m a_{n} := 2^{- 1} b_{n} (a_{n} a_{n - 1})^{- 1 / 2}

has a finite limit

g a m m a

. %We study an asymptotic behavior as

n o i n f t y

of the orthogonal polynomials

P_{n} (z)

defined by Jacobi recurrence coefficients

a_{n}

(off-diagonal terms) and

b_{n}

(diagonal terms). %We consider the case

a_{n} o i n f t y

and suppose that the sequence

g a m m a_{n} := 2^{- 1} b_{n} (a_{n} a_{n - 1})^{- 1 / 2}

has a limit

g a m m a

as

n o i n f t y

. In the case

| g a m m a | < 1

asymptotic formulas for

P_{n} (z)

generalize those for the Hermite polynomials and the corresponding Jacobi operators

J

have absolutely continuous spectra covering the whole real line. If

| g a m m a | > 1

, then spectra of the operators

J

are discrete. Our goal is to investigate the critical case

| g a m m a | = 1

that occurs, for example, for the Laguerre polynomials. The formulas obtained depend crucially on the rate of growth of the coefficients

a_{n}

(or

b_{n}

) and are qualitatively different in the cases where

a_{n} o i n f t y

faster or slower then

n

. For the fast growth of

a_{n}

, we also have to distinguish the cases

| g a m m a_{n} | o 1 - 0

and

| g a m m a_{n} | o 1 + 0

. Spectral properties of the corresponding Jacobi operators are quite different in all these cases. Our approach works for an arbitrary power growth of the Jacobi coefficients.

Cites work

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