Semiclassical asymptotic behavior of orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1007/S11005-020-01313-WMaRDI QIDQ2224495zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 3 February 2021

Published in Letters in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.09254

asymptotics for large numbers difference equations Jacobi matrices long-range perturbations orthogonal polynomials

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Difference operators (39A70) Scattering theory of linear operators (47A40) Linear difference operators (47B39)

Abstract: Our goal is to find asymptotic formulas for orthonormal polynomials

P_{n} (z)

with the recurrence coefficients slowly stabilizing as

n o i n f t y

. To that end, we develop spectral theory of Jacobi operators with long-range coefficients and study the corresponding second order difference equation. We suggest an Ansatz for its solutions playing the role of the semiclassical Green-Liouville Ansatz for solutions of the Schr"odinger equation. The formulas obtained for

P_{n} (z)

as

n o i n f t y

generalize the classical Bernstein-Szeg"o asymptotic formulas.

Review text

The main object under consideration in the paper is the asymptotic formulae for orthonormal polynomials \(P_n\) based on the behavior of the corresponding Jacobi parameters \((a_n, b_n)\) from the three-term recurrence relation \[ a_{n-1}P_{n-1}(z)+b_nP_n(z)+a_nP_{n+1}(z)=zP_n(z), \qquad n=0,1,\ldots \] with initial conditions \(P_{-1}=0\), \(P_0=1\). Another solution \(\{f_n(z)\}_{n\ge-1}\) of the same equation with asymptotics at infinity, known as the Jost solution, plays a key role in author's approach to the problem. The paper deals primarily with the ``long range perturbations, that is, \[ \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n-\frac12=\lim_{n\to\infty}b_n=0, \quad \sum_{n\ge0}(|a_{n+1}-a_n|+|b_{n+1}-b_n|)<\infty. \] The author's goal is to express all coefficients in asymptotic formulae for \(P_n\) in terms of the Jost function \(f_{-1}\), which is actually the Wronskian of the solutions \(P\) and \(f\). Here is one of the main results. Theorem 5.8. For the long range perturbations the polynomials \(P_n\) have asymptotics uniform on compact subintervals of \((-1,1)\) \[ P_n(\lambda)=\sqrt{\frac2{\pi}}(1-\lambda^2)^{-1/4}\,w(\lambda)^{-1/2}\,\sin\bigl(\varphi_n(\lambda)+\eta(\lambda)\bigr)+O(\varepsilon_n), \ n\to\infty, \] where \(w\) is the weight function, \(\varphi_n\) and \(\eta\) are the phase shifts, and \(\varepsilon_n\) is the reminder of the above series.

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