On resonances and the formation of gaps in the spectrum of quasi-periodic Schrödinger equations

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2011.173.1.9zbMATH Open1268.82013arXivmath/0511392OpenAlexW2061278057MaRDI QIDQ640745FDOQ640745

Authors: Michael Goldstein, W. Schlag 

Publication date: 20 October 2011

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider one-dimensional difference Schroedinger equations on the discrete line with a potential generated by evaluating a real-analytic potential function V(x) on the one-dimensional torus along an orbit of the shift x-->x+nw. If the Lyapunov exponent is positive for all energies and w, then the integrated density of states is absolutely continuous for almost every w. In this work we establish the formation of a dense set of gaps in the spectrum. Our approach is based on an induction on scales argument, and is therefore both constructive as well as quantitative. Resonances between eigenfunctions of one scale lead to "pre-gaps" at a larger scale. To pass to actual gaps in the spectrum, we show that these pre-gaps cannot be filled more than a finite (and uniformly bounded) number of times. To accomplish this, we relate a pre-gap to pairs of complex zeros of the Dirichlet determinants off the unit circle using the techniques of an earlier paper by the authors. Amongst other things, we establish in this work a non-perturbative version of the co-variant parametrization of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions via the phases in the spirit of Sinai's (perturbative) description of the spectrum via his function as well as an multi-scale/finite volume approach to Anderson localization in this context. This allows us to relate the gaps in the spectrum with the graphs of the eigenvalues parametrized by the phase. Our infinite volume theorems hold for all Diophantine frequencies w up to a set of Hausdorff dimension zero. This is in contrast to earlier technology which only yielded exceptional sets of measure zero. Our only assumption on the potential apart from analyticity is the positivity of the Lyapunov exponent.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511392

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zbMATH Keywords

Anderson localizationspectral gapsquasi-perioadic potential

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of operator theory in the physical sciences (47N50) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Disordered systems (random Ising models, random Schrödinger operators, etc.) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B44) Difference operators (39A70) Linear difference operators (47B39)

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