Network structure changes local stability of universal equilibria for swarm sphere model
Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for ordinary differential equations (34C15) Ordinary differential equations and systems on manifolds (34C40) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Synchronization of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D06) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Multi-agent systems (93A16)
The authors consider a high-dimensional Kuramoto model on the unit sphere given by\N\[\N\frac{du_i}{dt}=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{j=1}^N a_{ij}\langle u_i,u_j\rangle(u_j-\langle u_i,u_j\rangle u_i)\N\]\Nwhere \(\langle \cdot,\cdot\rangle\) is the standard inner product in Euclidean space and each \(u_i\) has norm 1. \(a_{ij}\) is the strength of connection from the \(j\)th oscillator to the \(i\)th. They define \(h_{ij}=\langle u_i,u_j\rangle\) and consider the dynamics of the \(h_{ij}\). Most of the analysis is done for \(N=3\). Certain equilibria exist independent of the \(a_{ij}\). Much of the paper involves determining conditions under which various equilibria are locally asymptotically stable or unstable. Lyapunov functions are used to give conditions on initial conditions such that a solution approaches a particular equilibrium. Five types of network are considered: (i) all-to-all (all \(a_{ij}=1\)), (ii) ``sender network (\(a_{ij}=\eta_j\)), (iii) symmetric (\(a_{ij}=a_{ji}\)), (iv) skew-symmetric (\(a_{ij}=-a_{ji}\)) and (v) none of the above.
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