Sequence of families of lattice polarized K3 surfaces, modular forms and degrees of complex reflection groups

DOI10.1007/S00209-024-03562-0MaRDI QIDQ6590682zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Atsuhira Nagano

Publication date 21 August 2024

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S00209-024-03562-0

zbMATH Keywords

\(K3\) surfacescompactifications defined by arrangementscomplex reflection groupsmodular forms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Reflection and Coxeter groups (group-theoretic aspects) (20F55) Relations with arrangements of hyperplanes (32S22)

Review text

This paper studies a sequence of families of \(K3\) surfaces whose period mappings are closely related to complex reflection groups of exceptional type.\N\NConsider a sequence of even lattices \(A_3\subset A_2\subset A_1\subset A_0=A\) where \(A_0=U \oplus U \oplus A_2(-1) \oplus A_1(-1),\) \(A_1=U \oplus U \oplus A_2(-1),\) \(A_2=U \oplus U \oplus A_1(-1)\) and \(A_3=U \oplus\left(\begin{array}{cc} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & -2\end{array}\right)\). Set \(M_j=A_j^{\perp}\) in the \(K3\) lattice \(L_{K3}\) for \(j=0,1,2,3\). We see that \(A_j\) is of type \((5-j)\), and \(M_j\) of type \((1,14+j)\). This sequence of lattices induces a sequence of analytic spaces \(\mathfrak{A}_3\subset\mathfrak{A}_2\subset\mathfrak{A}_1\subset\mathfrak{A}_0\) of \(\text{dim}(\mathfrak{A}_j)=7-j\). This gives rise to a family of \(M_j\)-polarized \(K3\) surfaces \(\mathfrak{F}_j\). The period domain for \(\mathfrak{F}_j\) is a connected component \(\mathcal{D}_j\) of \(D_{M_j}\) of dimension \(5-j\).\N\NThe first main result of this paper is to study the period mapping of \(\mathfrak{F}_0\). The inverse of the period mapping yields a pair of meromorphic modular forms on \(\mathcal{D}_0\), and the generators of the ring of these modular forms are determined. Let \[z^2=y^3+(a_0x^5+a_4x^4+a_8x^3)y+(a_2x^7+a_6x^6+a_{10}x^5+a_{14}x^4)\] be a family of \(K3\) surfaces. Then the parameters \(a_2,a_4,a_8,a_{10}\) and \(a_{14}\) with positive weight are shown to induce a system of generators of the ring of modular forms. The period mappings for the subfamilies \(\mathfrak{F}_1, \mathfrak{F}_2\), and \(\mathfrak{F}_3\) are also described. These modular forms seem to have close relation with certain complex reflection groups.\N\NThere exists a double covering of every members of \(\mathfrak{F}_0\), which is again a \(K3\) surface. Let \(\mathfrak{G}_j\) \((j=0,1,2,3)\) be family of double covers. These \(K3\) surfaces turn out to be of hypergeometric type. The second main result is to determine the transcendental lattice \(B_j\) for \(\mathfrak{G}_j\) for \(j=0,1,2,3\). Indeed, \(B_j\) are given as follows: \(B_0=U(2) \oplus U(2) \oplus \left(\begin{array}{ccc} -2 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & -2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & -4\end{array}\right),\) \(B_1=A_1(2),\, B_2=A_2(2)\) and \(B_3=A_3(2)\).

Recommendations

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Cited in

(3)

• BCOV cusp forms of lattice polarized K3 surfaces
• Complex reflection groups and \(K3\) surfaces. II: The groups \(G_{29}, G_{30}\) and \(G_{31}\)
• Geometric interpretation of Hermitian modular forms via Burkhardt invariants

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