A generalization of functions of the first class

DOI10.1016/0166-8641(93)90022-6MaRDI QIDQ690252zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 16 January 1994

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-8641(93)90022-6

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Classification of real functions; Baire classification of sets and functions (26A21) Spaces of measures, convergence of measures (28A33) Baire category, Baire spaces (54E52) Descriptive set theory (topological aspects of Borel, analytic, projective, etc. sets) (54H05)

Review text

The classical definition of a function of the first class of Baire requires taking the limits of sequences of real-valued continuous functions and therefore cannot be used in the framework of all functions between topological spaces. Instead, we routinely use various internal topological characterizations of this class of functions. The following are probably the most widely used conditions: 1. \(f\) has the measurability property if for every open set \(G\) in the range of \(f\), the set \(f^{-1}(G)\) is \(F_ \sigma\) in the domain of \(f\). 2. \(f\) has the point of continuity property, abbreviated: PCP, known also as \(f\) is barely continuous, if for every nonempty closed \(F\subset X\), the restriction \(f| F\) of \(f\) to \(F\) has a continuity point. 3. \(f\) is fragmented if for \(\varepsilon > 0\) and every nonemtpy (equivalently, nonempty closed) subset \(A\) of \(X\), there exists a nonempty relatively open subset \(U\) of \(A\) such that the diameter diam \(f(U)\) of \(f(U)\) is less then \(\varepsilon\). The author presents a thorough investigation of the relations between the conditions (1), (2), (3), and other related conditions, e.g. 4. \(F_ \sigma\) in (3) is replaced by \(H_ \sigma\), being a countable union of \(H\)-sets, that is sets of type of \(\bigcup\{F\alpha\setminus F_{\alpha+1}: \alpha < \kappa\), \(\alpha\) are even ordinal\}, where \(\{F_ \alpha: \alpha < \kappa\}\) is a decreasing transfinite sequence of closed sets. Using tight (or Radon) measures, the author studies the class of \(t\)- Baire spaces as a class of Baire spaces which contains Čech-complete spaces. In particular, he shows that if \(X\) is hereditarily \(t\)-Baire and \(Y\) is a metric space with cardinality less than the least \((\{0,1\}\)-) measurable cardinal and \(f: X\to Y\). Then (2) \(\Leftrightarrow\) (4). He proves that every \(t\)-Baire space is a Namioka space; recall that a topological space \(X\) is said to be a Namioka space, if for every compact Hausdorff space \(Y\) and every separately continuous functions \(f: X\times Y\to \mathbb{R}\) there exists a dense, \(G_ \delta\) subset \(A\) of \(X\) such that \(f\) is (jointly) continuous at every point of \(A\times Y\). This is an excellent article for specialists working in the borderline between general topology, real functions and measure theory. Reviewer's remarks: Condition (3) has been used by \textit{G. Debs} [Math. Scand. 59, 122-130 (1986; Zbl 0616.54011)], while studying the (joint) continuity points of a function \(f: X\times Y\to M\) defined on a product of ``nice topological spaces into a metric space \(M\) and having all \(x\)-sections \(f_ x\) continuous and all \(y\)-sections \(f_ y\) satisfying condition (3). Also, if \(Y\) is developable, then the condition (3) can be appropriately generalized to a nonmetric case, where the ``smallness in terms of \(\varepsilon\) can be formulated as ``\(f(U)\) is contained in an element \(C_ n\) of a cover \({\mathcal C}_ n\), \(n = 1,2,3,\dots\). Such studies comparing (2) and just redesigned (3) have been done by \textit{A. Szymański}, ``On separately continuous functions (unpublished).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(31)

This page was built for publication: A generalization of functions of the first class

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q690252)