Classification of Sol lattices

DOI10.1007/S10711-012-9705-5MaRDI QIDQ691094zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Emil Molnár, Jenö Szirmai

Publication date 29 November 2012

Published in Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.4646

zbMATH Keywords

\(\mathrm{Sol}\) spacediscrete grouplatticeThurston geometries

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (22E25) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Geometric closure systems (51D99) Lattices and convex bodies in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C07) Packing and covering in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C17) Non-Euclidean differential geometry (53A35) Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60) Discontinuous groups of transformations (57S30)

Abstract: $SOL$ geometry is one of the eight homogeneous Thurston 3-geomet-ri-es ${\displaystyle }$EUC, SPH, HYP, SXR, HXR, SLR, NIL, SOL.${\displaystyle }$ In cite{Sz10} the {it densest lattice-like translation ball packings} to a type (type {�f I/1} in this paper) of $SOL$ lattices has been determined. Some basic concept of $SOL$ were defined by {sc{P. Scott}} in cite{S}, in general. In our present work we shall classify $SOL$ lattices in an algorithmic way into 17 (seventeen) types, in analogy of the 14 Bravais types of the Euclidean 3-lattices, but infinitely many $SOL$ affine equivalence classes, in each type. Then the discrete isometry groups of compact fundamental domain (crystallographic groups) can also be classified into infinitely many classes but finitely many types, left to other publication. To this we shall study relations between $SOL$ lattices and lattices of the pseudoeuclidean (or here rather called Minkowskian) plane cite{AQ}. Moreover, we introduce the notion of $SOL$ parallelepiped to every lattice type. From our new results we emphasize Theorems 3-4-5-6. In this paper we shall use the affine model of $SOL$ space through affine-projective homogeneous coordinates cite{M97} which gives a unified way of investigating and visualizing homogeneous spaces, in general.

Review text

Solvegeometry denotes a geometry modelled on the \(3\)-dimensional Lie group \(\mathrm{Sol}\) which is diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^3\) with group product \[ (x,y,z)\cdot(x',y',z')=(x'+x\mathrm{e}^{-z'},y'+y\mathrm{e}^{z'},z+z'). \] The actions by right-multiplication of the group \(\mathrm{Sol}\) on the space \(\mathrm{Sol}\) are called the \textit{translations} of \(\mathrm{Sol}\) by the authors. A \(\mathrm{Sol}\)-lattice is a discrete subgroup \(\Gamma\) of \(\mathrm{Sol}\) acting cocompactly on \(\mathrm{Sol}\) and generated by three translations \(\tau_1,\tau_2,\tau_3\). The authors give a classification of the \(\mathrm{Sol}\)-lattices analogous to the Bravais classification of lattices in Euclidean space. This classification is based on four step decision procedure; first, the lattices are seperated into two main types I and II, depending on whether the translation \(\tau_3\) has a component acting on the \(xy\)-plane (II) or not (I), where \(\tau_1\) and \(\tau_2\) are assumed to act in the \(xy\)-plane. In the next step, the lattices are further distinguished by their point groups, those isometrie of \(\mathrm{Sol}\) fixing the origin and mapping \(\Gamma\) to itself. The third and fourth step apply to main type II only and concern the relations between the \(x\)- and \(y\)-component of \(\tau_3\) to its \(z\)-component. As a side note let it be said that the journal's editors did not do a good job; the paper contains quite a few typos and the authors' language is somewhat confusing in many places. The editors should have taken care to remedy that.

Recommendations

• Crystallographic groups of Sol
• Bieberbach theorems for solvable Lie groups
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• The densest translation ball packing by fundamental lattices in Sol space
• UNIMODULAR GROUPS OF TYPE ℝ³⋊ ℝ

Cites work

• Classification of tile-transitive 3-simplex tilings and their realizations in homogeneous spaces
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4026230 (Why is no real title available?)
• Lattices in the pseudo-Euclidean plane
• Sol geometry groups are not asynchronously automatic
• Some tetrahedron manifolds with Sol geometry and related groups
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• The densest translation ball packing by fundamental lattices in Sol space
• The Geometries of 3-Manifolds
• The optimal ball and horoball packings to the Coxeter honeycombs in the hyperbolic \(d\)-space
• The projective interpretation of the eight 3-dimensional homogeneous geometries
• Translation curves and their spheres in homogeneous geometries
• Visualization of curves and spheres in Sol geometry

Cited in

(24)

• Some tetrahedron manifolds with Sol geometry and related groups
• Geodesic and translation ball packings generated by prismatic tessellations of the universal cover of \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb R)\)
• Non-periodic geodesic ball packings generated by infinite regular prism tilings in \(\widetilde{\mathbf{SL}_2\mathbf{R}}\) space
• Classification of Lattices: a New Step
• Classification of discrete systems on a square lattice
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1751600 (Why is no real title available?)
• Hyperbolic space forms with~crystallographic applications and~visualizations
• The sum of the interior angles in geodesic and translation triangles of \(\widetilde{\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})}\) geometry
• Dyson's spike for random Schroedinger operators and Novikov-Shubin invariants of groups
• UNIMODULAR GROUPS OF TYPE ℝ³⋊ ℝ
• Fibre-like cylinders, their packings and coverings in \(\widetilde{\mathbf{SL}_2 \mathbf{R}}\) space
• Translation-like isoptic surfaces and angle sums of translation triangles in \(\mathbf{Nil}\) geometry
• Isoptic surfaces of segments in \(\mathbf{S}^2 \times \mathbf{R}\) and \(\mathbf{H}^2 \times \mathbf{R}\) geometries
• On Menelaus' and Ceva's theorems in \textbf{Nil} geometry
• New lower bound for the optimal congruent geodesic ball packing density of screw motion groups in \(\mathbf{H}^2 \times \mathbf{R}\) space
• Translation-like Apollonius and triangular surfaces in non-constant curvature Thurston geometries
• Geodesic ball packings generated by rotations and the monotonicity behavior of their densities in \(\mathbf{H}^2 \times \mathbf{R}\) space
• Connection blocking in quotients of \textit{Sol}
• Interior angle sums of geodesic triangles and translation-like isoptic surfaces in Sol geometry
• Lattice-like packings and coverings with congruent translation balls and cylinders in Sol geometry
• Menelaus' and Ceva's theorems for translation triangles in Thurston geometries
• Packings by translation balls in \({\widetilde{{\mathrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb{R})}}\)
• Regular prism tilings in \(\widetilde{\mathbf{SL}_2\mathbf R}\) space
• Discrete random walks on the group Sol

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