PEPS as ground states: degeneracy and topology

DOI10.1016/J.AOP.2010.05.008zbMATH Open1198.81063arXiv1001.3807OpenAlexW3102435736WikidataQ59458667 ScholiaQ59458667MaRDI QIDQ710474FDOQ710474

Ignacio Cirac, David Pérez-García, Norbert Schuch

Publication date: 19 October 2010

Published in: Annals of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce a framework for characterizing Matrix Product States (MPS) and Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) in terms of symmetries. This allows us to understand how PEPS appear as ground states of local Hamiltonians with finitely degenerate ground states and to characterize the ground state subspace. Subsequently, we apply our framework to show how the topological properties of these ground states can be explained solely from the symmetry: We prove that ground states are locally indistinguishable and can be transformed into each other by acting on a restricted region, we explain the origin of the topological entropy, and we discuss how to renormalize these states based on their symmetries. Finally, we show how the anyonic character of excitations can be understood as a consequence of the underlying symmetries.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.3807

zbMATH Keywords

anyonsexactly solvable modelstopological statesmatrix product statestensor network statesprojected entangled pair states (PEPS)quantum double modelstoric code state

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Quantum coding (general) (81P70) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70)

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Cited In (40)

• New applications of the renormalization group method in physics: a brief introduction
• Time evolution as refining, coarse graining and entangling
• On weak Hopf symmetry and weak Hopf quantum double model
• Symmetry protection of measurement-based quantum computation in ground states
• Stability of frustration-free Hamiltonians
• Quantum error-detection at low energies
• Locality at the boundary implies gap in the bulk for 2D PEPS
• Toric codes and quantum doubles from two-body Hamiltonians
• Fermionic projected entangled-pair states and topological phases
• From entanglement renormalisation to the disentanglement of quantum double models
• Characterizing topological order with matrix product operators
• A hierarchy of topological tensor network states
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• A class of two-dimensional AKLT models with a gap
• Entanglement subvolume law for 2D frustration-free spin systems
• Frustration free gapless Hamiltonians for matrix product states
• Hamiltonian models for topological phases of matter in three spatial dimensions
• Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence
• Perturbative 2-body parent Hamiltonians for projected entangled pair states
• Tensor decompositions on simplicial complexes with invariance
• Tensor network approach to electromagnetic duality in \((3+1)\)d topological gauge models
• A generalization of the injectivity condition for projected entangled pair states
• Topological flat band models and fractional Chern insulators
• Half a state, half an operator: a general formulation of stators
• Hand-waving and interpretive dance: an introductory course on tensor networks
• Mixed states in one spatial dimension: Decompositions and correspondence with nonnegative matrices
• Finite-size criteria for spectral gaps in 𝐷-dimensional quantum spin systems
• Simulated annealing for tensor network states
• Optimization problems in contracted tensor networks
• Universal resources for quantum computing
• Divide and conquer method for proving gaps of frustration free Hamiltonians
• Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary
• Probabilistic nonunitary gate in imaginary time evolution
• Anyons and matrix product operator algebras
• Matrix product density operators: Renormalization fixed points and boundary theories
• Local disorder, topological ground state degeneracy and entanglement entropy, and discrete anyons
• Geometry of matrix product states: Metric, parallel transport, and curvature
• Twisted injectivity in projected entangled pair states and the classification of quantum phases
• Fermionic projected entangled pair states and local \(U(1)\) gauge theories
• Symmetry breaking and the geometry of reduced density matrices

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