Optimal time decay of the Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system in R^3

DOI10.1007/S00205-010-0318-6MaRDI QIDQ717428zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Renjun Duan, Robert M. Strain

Publication date 4 October 2011

Published in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.1742

zbMATH Keywords

Lyapunov inequalitymacro-micro decompositionMaxwellian equilibrium

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Boltzmann equations (35Q20) Vlasov equations (35Q83) Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid mechanics (76P05) Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic fields; plasmic flow (76X05)

Abstract: The Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann System governs the time evolution of the distribution function for the dilute charged particles in the presence of a self-consistent electric potential force through the Poisson equation. In this paper, we are concerned with the rate of convergence of solutions to equilibrium for this system over ${mathbbR}^3$. It is shown that the electric field which is indeed responsible for the lowest-order part in the energy space reduces the speed of convergence and hence the dispersion of this system over the full space is slower than that of the Boltzmann equation without forces, where the exact difference between both power indices in the algebraic rates of convergence is 1/4. For the proof, in the linearized case with a given non-homogeneous source, Fourier analysis is employed to obtain time-decay properties of the solution operator. In the nonlinear case, the combination of the linearized results and the nonlinear energy estimates with the help of the proper Lyapunov-type inequalities leads to the optimal time-decay rate of perturbed solutions under some conditions on initial data.

Review text

This article investigates the time convergence rate of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system towards the Maxwellian equilibrium. The authors show an optimal \(\langle t\rangle^{-1/4}\) convergence rate which is slower than the \(\langle t\rangle^{-3/4}\) one for the Boltzmann equation because of driven forces. However, this rate is improved to \(\langle t\rangle^{-3/4}\) for some well-prepared initial data. The proof of this result is done in three steps: first, the authors perform a decomposition of the solution involving a few moments of the Maxwellian (macroscopic part) and a remainder (microscopic part). Next, they get a crucial \(L^2(\mathbb{R}_{\xi}^n)\) time dependent estimate for the linearized system which leads to the \(\langle t\rangle^{-1/4}\) convergence rate for the macroscopic part and the \(\langle t\rangle^{-3/4}\) convergence rate for the microscopic part. Finally, using an energy estimate for the whole system, these estimates are shown to still hold for the nonlinear system.

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