From 3-dimensional skein theory to functions near Q
The authors establish a novel connection between three different subjects in quantum topology: Kauffman bracket skein modules of integer homology 3-spheres, the Habiro ring and its arithmetic interpretation as functions `near' \(\mathbb Q\), and the Quantum Modularity Conjecture. Their main contribution is the construction of a natural homomorphism from the skein module of an integer homology 3-sphere to the Habiro ring, whose image is shown to be a finitely generated module of finite rank by combining integrality results for WRT invariants with the recently proved finiteness theorem for skein modules due to Gunningham, Jordan, and Safronov. The paper provides a compelling topological interpretation of the ``descendants appearing in the quantum modularity framework of Garoufalidis and Zagier. In particular, the authors show that these descendants arise from WRT invariants of links in a fixed ambient integer homology sphere and relate them to explicit finite-rank modules generated by skein-theoretic constructions. A further result establishes an inclusion between the module arising from the skein-theoretic approach and previously studied descendant modules associated with surgery presentations. The work is mathematically rigorous and carefully written. The proofs combine techniques from skein theory, quantum invariants of 3-manifolds, Habiro's cyclotomic completions, and $q$-holonomicity in an elegant way. The exposition places the results in a broader context and highlights several interesting open questions, including injectivity and finite generation problems related to the constructed modules. The example arising from $(-1/2)$-surgery on the figure-eight knot provides useful evidence for the proposed framework.\N\NOverall, this article makes a substantial contribution to the interaction between quantum topology, quantum modularity, and arithmetic structures associated with 3-manifolds. It offers a new viewpoint on the quantum modularity conjecture and should be of interest to researchers working on skein modules, WRT invariants, character varieties, and quantum topology more broadly.
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