Analytic continuation of massless Feynman amplitudes in the Schwartz space S'

analytic continuation Feynman amplitude Feynman graph Feynman integral meromorphic continuation regularization of divergent Feynman integrals renormalization tempered distribution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05) Miscellaneous applications of functional analysis (46N99) Feynman integrals and graphs; applications of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry (81Q30)

Review text

There are three most popular procedures of the regularization of divergent Feynman integrals. The first one is the renormalization of Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmerman, the second one is the Speer analytic renormalization and the third one is the dimensional renormalization of t'Hooft-Veltman. Let G be a Feynman graph and \({\mathcal F}_ G(p;\lambda)=\int F_ G(k,p;\lambda)dk\) be a Feynman integral corresponding to this graph. The analytic renormalization of \({\mathcal F}_ G(p;\lambda)\) is based on an analytic continuation in \(\lambda_{\ell}\) of the Feynman amplitude \({\mathcal F}_ G(p;\lambda)\), \(\lambda =\{\lambda_{\ell}\), \(\ell \in L\}\), with propagators \((p^ 2_{\ell}+m^ 2_{\ell})^{-\lambda_{\ell}}\) from a region \(\Lambda_ G\) in the complex space \(\lambda \in {\mathbb{C}}^{| L|}\), where the Feynman integral is converging and defines the amplitude \({\mathcal F}_ G(\cdot;\lambda)\) as an analytic function of \(\lambda\), to the whole complex space \({\mathbb{C}}^{| L|}\) as a meromorphic function of \(\lambda\). The problems are to find a convergence region \(\Lambda_ G\), to prove the existence of a meromorphic continuation from \(\Lambda_ G\) to \({\mathbb{C}}^{| L|}\) and to calculate the poles of this continuation. All these problems were solved for the case of positive masses \(\{m^ 2_{\ell}>0\}\) when the Feynman integral diverges only at infinity. In particular, in this case the Feynman integral is absolutely converging and analytic in \(\lambda\) in the region \(\{\) Re \(\lambda\) \({}_{\ell}>d/2\}.\) The massless case \(\{m^ 2_{\ell}=0\}\) is much more difficult for analysis as divergencies in the origin are added. The existence of the convergence region \(\Lambda_ G\) was proved in the massless case by Speer by a very beautiful and delicate method. Speer proved also the existence of the meromorphic continuation of the massless amplitude \({\mathcal F}_ G(p;\lambda)\) for the external momenta not belonging to the Symanzik singular set \(S_ G\). As in various applications Feynman amplitudes arise in integrals of the type \(\int {\mathcal F}_ G(p;\lambda)\phi (p)dp\), where \(\phi\) (p) is a smooth fast decreasing function, a natural problem is to prove the existence of a meromorphic continuation in \(\lambda\) of the Feynman amplitude \(F_ G(p;\lambda)\) as a tempered distribution in p. This problem is solved in the reviewed paper. A theorem of Atiah-Bernstein-Gel'fand jr. on the analytic continuation of \(| P_ 1(x)|^{\lambda_ 1}...| P_ n(x)|^{\lambda_ n}\) is used in the proof.

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