A general Trotter--Kato formula for a class of evolution operators

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2009.06.026MaRDI QIDQ837078zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Walter F. Wreszinski, V. A. Zagrebnov, Pierre-A. Vuillermot

Publication date 10 September 2009

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2009.06.026

evolution operators parabolic initial-value problem Schrödinger type equation Trotter-Kato formula

Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06)

Review text

From the authors' abstract: In this article, we prove new results concerning the existence and various properties of an evolution system \(U_{A+B}(t,s)_{0\leq s\leq t\leq T}\) generated by the sum \(-(A(t)+B(t))\) of two linear, time-dependent and generally unbounded operators defined on time-dependent domains in a complex and separable Banach space \(\mathcal B\). In particular, writing \(\mathcal L(\mathcal B)\) for the algebra of all linear bounded operators on \(\mathcal B\), we can express \(U_{A+B}(t,s)_{0\leq s\leq t\leq T}\) as the strong limit in \(\mathcal L(\mathcal B)\) of a product of the holomorphic contraction semigroups generated by \(-A(t)\) and \(-B(t)\), respectively, thereby proving a product formula of the Trotter--Kato type under very general conditions. We obtain a special case of our formula when \(B(t)=0\). We then illustrate our results by considering various examples of nonautonomous parabolic initial-boundary value problems, including one related to the theory of time-dependent singular perturbations of self-adjoint operators. We finally mention what we think remains an open problem for the corresponding equations of Schrödinger type in quantum mechanics.

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