Hessenberg pairs of linear transformations

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2009.05.028MaRDI QIDQ840655zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ali Godjali

Publication date 14 September 2009

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0812.0019

zbMATH Keywords

\(q\)-inverting pairdiagonizable linear transformationsirreducible Hessenberg pairLeonard pairsplit decompositiontridiagonal pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear transformations, semilinear transformations (15A04) Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors (15A18) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Algebraic systems of matrices (15A30)

Abstract: Let $fld$ denote a field and $V$ denote a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space over $fld$. We consider an ordered pair of linear transformations $A:VoV$ and $A^{\ast }:VoV$ that satisfy (i)--(iii) below. Each of $A,A^{\ast }$ is diagonalizable on $V$. There exists an ordering $lbrace{V}_{i}brac{e}_{i=0}^d$ of the eigenspaces of $A$ such that A^* V_i subseteq V_0 + V_1 + ... + V_{i+1} qquad qquad (0 leq i leq d), where $V_{-1}=0$, $V_{d+1}=0$. There exists an ordering $lbrace{V}_i^{\ast }brac{e}_{i=0}^{delta}$ of the eigenspaces of $A^{\ast }$ such that A V^*_i subseteq V^*_0 + V^*_1 + ... +V^*_{i+1} qquad qquad (0 leq i leq delta), where $V_{-1}^{\ast }=0$, $V_{delta+1}^{\ast }=0$. We call such a pair a {it Hessenberg pair} on $V$. In this paper we obtain some characterizations of Hessenberg pairs. We also explain how Hessenberg pairs are related to tridiagonal pairs.

Review text

Let \(V\) be a finite dimensional space over a field \(K\) and \((A,B)\) be a pair of endomorphisms of \(V\). The author calls \((A,B)\) a Hessenberg pair if \(A\) and \(B\) are both diagonalizable and it is possible to order the eigenspaces \(V_{0},\dots,V_{s}\), say, of \(A\) such that \(B\) maps \(V_{i}\) into the sum of the first \(i+1\) eigenspaces for each \(i\), and the analogous property holds for \(B\) with respect to \(A\). We shall say that \((A,B)\) is irreducible if the algebra generated by \(\left\{ A,B\right\} \) is irreducible. When \((A,B)\) is an irreducible Hessenberg pair, it can be shown that \(A\) and \(B\) have the same number of distinct eigenvalues. The main result of the paper is the following. Suppose that \((A,B)\) is an irreducible pair of diagonizable linear transformations with equal numbers of distinct eigenvalues, say \(\theta _{0},\dots,\theta_{d}\) and \(\theta_{0}^{\prime},\dots,\theta_{d}^{\prime}\), respectively. Then \((A,B)\) is a Hessenberg pair if and only if there exists a subspace decomposition \(V=U_{0}\oplus\dots\oplus U_{d}\) such that \((A-\theta _{n-i}I)U_{i}\subseteq U_{i+1}\) and \((B-\theta_{i}^{\prime}I)U_{i}\subseteq U_{i-1}\) for all \(i\) (take \(U_{-1}=U_{d+1}=0\)).

Recommendations

• Some properties of sharp Hessenberg pairs
• Thin Hessenberg pairs
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other: comments on the split decomposition
• Thin Hessenberg pairs and double Vandermonde matrices
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Cites work

• Matrix Analysis
• Some algebra related to P- and Q-polynomial association schemes

Cited in

(16)

• On the shape of a tridiagonal pair
• Circular Hessenberg pairs
• The classification of Leonard triples that have Bannai/Ito type and odd diameter
• The classification of Leonard triples of Racah type
• q-inverting pairs of shape 1,2,1
• The Classification of Leonard Triples of Bannai/Ito Type with Even Diameters
• Leonard triples of Krawtchouk type
• Thin Hessenberg pairs and double Vandermonde matrices
• The structure of some linear transformations
• Bidiagonal pairs, the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\), and the quantum group \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7373356 (Why is no real title available?)
• Leonard triples extended from a given totally almost bipartite Leonard pair of Bannai/Ito type
• Some properties of sharp Hessenberg pairs
• The shape of some linear transformations
• Circular bidiagonal pairs
• Thin Hessenberg pairs

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