Fixed point indices and periodic points of holomorphic mappings

DOI10.1007/S00208-006-0042-6MaRDI QIDQ863420zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 26 January 2007

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511250

complex dynamics Dold index holomorphic mappings periodic points

Iteration of holomorphic maps, fixed points of holomorphic maps and related problems for several complex variables (32H50) Fixed points and periodic points of dynamical systems; fixed-point index theory; local dynamics (37C25)

Abstract: Let

D e l t a^{n}

be the ball

| x | < 1

in the complex vector space

m a t h b b C %^{n}

, let

f : D e l t a^{n} o m a t h b b C^{n}

be a holomorphic mapping and let

M

be a positive integer. Assume that the origin

% 0 = (0, ..., 0)

is an isolated fixed point of both

f

and the

M

-th iteration

f^{M}

of

f

. Then for each factor

m

of

M,

the origin is again an isolated fixed point of

f^{m}

and the fixed point index

m u_{f^{m}} (0)

of

f^{m}

at the origin is well defined, and so is the (local) Dold's index (see [ ef{Do}]) at the origin:% �egin{equation*} P_{M}(f,0)=sum_{ au subset P(M)}(-1)^{# au}mu_{f^{M: au}}(0), end{equation*}% where

P (M)

is the set of all primes dividing

M,

the sum extends over all subsets

a u

of

P (M)

,

is the cardinal number of

a u

and

% M : a u = M (p r o d_{p i n a u} p)^{- 1}

.

P_{M} (f, 0)

can be interpreted to be the number of periodic points of period

M

of

f

overlapped at the origin: any holomorphic mapping

% f_{1} : D e l t a^{n} o m a t h b b C^{n}

sufficiently close to

f

has exactly

P_{M} (f, 0)

distinct periodic points of period

M

near the origin

%,

provided that all the fixed points of

f_{1}^{M}

near the origin are simple. Note that

f

itself has no periodic point of period

M

near the origin

.

According to M. Shub and D. Sullivan's work [ ef{SS}], a necessary condition so that

P_{M} (f, 0) e q 0

is that the linear part of

f

at the origin has a periodic point of period

M .

The goal of this paper is to prove that this condition is sufficient as well for holomorphic mappings.

Review text

Let \(f\) be a germ of holomorphic self-maps of \(\mathbb C^n\) fixing the origin \(O\). If \(O\) is an isolated fixed point for \(f\) then one can define the \textit{A. Dold} index [Invent. Math. 74, No. 3, 419--435 (1983; Zbl 0583.55001)] \(P_M(f,O)\) for each integer \(M\) such that \(O\) is an isolated fixed point for \(f^{\circ M}\). If \(g\) is a holomorphic map close to \(f\) then it has \(P_M(f,O)\) (counting multiplicity) periodic points of period \(M\) near \(O\). In this paper the author proves that \(P_M(f,O)>0\) if and only if \(df_O\) has a periodic point of period \(M\). The necessity of the condition on \(df_O\) has already been proved for smooth maps by \textit{M. Shub} and \textit{D. Sullivan} [Topology 13, 189--191 (1974; Zbl 0291.58014)], but the condition is known to be not sufficient if the map is not holomorphic. The strategy of the proof is as follows. The author explicitly computes the Dold index in some special cases (proving the sufficiency of the condition on \(df_O\) in such cases). Then show that the general case can be reduced to the previous one by means of small perturbations and changes of coordinates. He also reproves the necessity of the condition in the holomorphic setting.

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