On a class of three-dimensional integrable Lagrangians

DOI10.1007/S00220-005-1415-5zbMATH Open1108.37045arXivnlin/0407035OpenAlexW2086095333MaRDI QIDQ865052FDOQ865052

Authors: E. V. Ferapontov, K. R. Khusnutdinova, S. P. Tsarev 

Publication date: 13 February 2007

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We characterize non-degenerate Lagrangians of the form $intf(u_x,u_y,u_t)dxdydt$ such that the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations $(f_{u_x}{)}_x+(f_{u_y}{)}_y+(f_{u_t}{)}_t=0$ are integrable by the method of hydrodynamic reductions. The integrability conditions constitute an over-determined system of fourth order PDEs for the Lagrangian density $f$, which is in involution and possess interesting differential-geometric properties. The moduli space of integrable Lagrangians, factorized by the action of a natural equivalence group, is three-dimensional. Familiar examples include the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (dKP) and the Boyer-Finley Lagrangians, $f=u_x^3/3+u_y^2-u_x{u}_t$ and $f=u_x^2+u_y^2-2e^{u_t}$, respectively. A complete description of integrable cubic and quartic Lagrangians is obtained. Up to the equivalence transformations, the list of integrable cubic Lagrangians reduces to three examples, $f=u_x{u}_y{u}_t,f=u_x^2{u}_y+u_y{u}_t,andf=u_x^3/3+u_y^2-u_x{u}_t(mdKP).$ There exists a unique integrable quartic Lagrangian, $f=u_x^4+2u_x^2{u}_t-u_x{u}_y-u_t^2.$ We conjecture that these examples exhaust the list of integrable polynomial Lagrangians which are essentially three-dimensional (it was verified that there exist no polynomial integrable Lagrangians of degree five). We prove that the Euler-Lagrange equations are integrable by the method of hydrodynamic reductions if and only if they possess a scalar pseudopotential playing the role of a dispersionless `Lax pair'. MSC: 35Q58, 37K05, 37K10, 37K25. Keywords: Multi-dimensional Dispersionless Integrable Systems, Hydrodynamic Reductions, Pseudopotentials.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0407035

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zbMATH Keywords

involutionEuler-Lagrange equationsintegrabilitymethod of hydrodynamic reductions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25)

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Cited In (25)

• Second-order integrable Lagrangians and WDVV equations
• Integrable structures of dispersionless systems and differential geometry
• Lagrangian structures, integrability and chaos for 3D dynamical equations
• Integrable pseudopotentials related to generalized hypergeometric functions
• Integrable \((2+1)\)-dimensional systems of hydrodynamic type
• Characteristic integrals in 3D and linear degeneracy
• Integrable Lagrangians and modular forms
• Classification of a subclass of quasilinear two-dimensional lattices by means of characteristic algebras
• Theory of integrable three-dimensional nonlinear lattice equations
• Lax triples for integrable surfaces in three-dimensional space
• Differential-geometric approach to the integrability of hydrodynamic chains: the Haantjes tensor
• Algebraic properties of quasilinear two-dimensional lattices connected with integrability
• Infinitely many nonlocal conservation laws for the \textit{ABC} equation with \(A+B+C\neq 0\)
• Integrable two-dimensional lattices. Characteristic Lie rings and classification
• Integrability conditions for two-dimensional Toda-like equations
• Classical Liouville action on the sphere with three hyperbolic singularities
• Classification of a subclass of two-dimensional lattices via characteristic Lie rings
• Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type in \(2+1\) dimensions
• Lagrangian 3-form structure for the Darboux system and the KP hierarchy
• A classification algorithm for integrable two-dimensional lattices via Lie-Rinehart algebras
• Higher-order conservation laws for the nonlinear Poisson equation via characteristic cohomology
• Classification of integrable two-component Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type in \(2 + 1\) dimensions
• Coisotropic deformations of associative algebras and dispersionless integrable hierarchies
• Second-order quasilinear PDEs and conformal structures in projective space
• Classification of Noether symmetries for Lagrangians with three degrees of freedom

Uses Software

• Maple
• FORM

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