Multi-Lagrangians for integrable systems
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KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism in mechanics of particles and systems (70S05) Existence theories for free problems in two or more independent variables (49J10)
Abstract: We propose a general scheme to construct multiple Lagrangians for completely integrable non-linear evolution equations that admit multi- Hamiltonian structure. The recursion operator plays a fundamental role in this construction. We use a conserved quantity higher/lower than the Hamiltonian in the potential part of the new Lagrangian and determine the corresponding kinetic terms by generating the appropriate momentum map. This leads to some remarkable new developments. We show that nonlinear evolutionary systems that admit -fold first order local Hamiltonian structure can be cast into variational form with Lagrangians which will be local functionals of Clebsch potentials. This number increases to when the Miura transformation is invertible. Furthermore we construct a new Lagrangian for polytropic gas dynamics in dimensions which is a {it local} functional of the physical field variables, namely density and velocity, thus dispensing with the necessity of introducing Clebsch potentials entirely. This is a consequence of bi-Hamiltonian structure with a compatible pair of first and third order Hamiltonian operators derived from Sheftel's recursion operator.
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Cited in
(19)- Formal recursion operators of integrable nonevolutionary equations and Lagrangian systems
- On a new class of completely integrable nonlinear wave equations. II. Multi-Hamiltonian structure
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- Hamiltonian formalism for nonlinear Schrödinger equations
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