Strong and weak (1,3) homotopies on knot projections

zbMATH Open1326.57014arXiv2012.00303MaRDI QIDQ888445FDOQ888445

Authors: Noboru Ito, Yusuke Takimura, Kouki Taniyama 

Publication date: 30 October 2015

Published in: Osaka Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Strong and weak (1, 3) homotopies are equivalence relations on knot projections, defined by the first flat Reidemeister move and each of two different types of the third flat Reidemeister moves. In this paper, we introduce the cross chord number that is the minimal number of double points of chords of a chord diagram. Cross chord numbers induce a strong (1, 3) invariant. We show that Hanaki's trivializing number is a weak (1, 3) invariant. We give a complete classification of knot projections having trivializing number two up to the first flat Reidemeister moves using cross chord numbers and the positive resolutions of double points. Two knot projections with trivializing number two are both weak (1, 3) homotopy equivalent and strong (1, 3) homotopy equivalent if and only if they can be related by only the first flat Reidemeister moves. Finally, we determine the strong (1, 3) homotopy equivalence class containing the trivial knot projection and other classes of knot projections.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00303

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology (57Q35)

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Cited In (10)

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• Triple chords and strong (1, 2) homotopy
• (1, 2) AND WEAK (1, 3) HOMOTOPIES ON KNOT PROJECTIONS
• Any nontrivial knot projection with no triple chords has a monogon or a bigon
• Space of chord diagrams on spherical curves
• Positive knots and weak \((1, 3)\) homotopy
• A distance on the equivalence classes of spherical curves generated by deformations of type RI
• Thirty-two equivalence relations on knot projections

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