Hodge spaces of real toric varieties

Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally symmetric, etc.) (52B12) Spectral sequences in algebraic topology (55T99)

Abstract: We define the Z/2Z Hodge spaces H_{pq}(Sigma) of a fan Sigma. If Sigma is the normal fan of a reflexive polytope Delta then we use polyhedral duality to compute the Z/2Z Hodge Spaces of Sigma. In particular, if the cones of dimension at most e in the face fan Sigma^* of Delta are smooth then we compute H_{pq}(Sigma) for p<e-1. If Sigma^* is a smooth fan then we completely determine the spaces H_{pq}(Sigma) and we show the toric variety X associated to Sigma is maximal, meaning that the sum of the Z/2Z Betti numbers of X(R) is equal to the sum of the Z/2Z Betti numbers of X(C).

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This paper establishes some new results about the cohomology of the real points of a Fano toric variety. More specifically, if \(X\) is a projective, Fano toric variety then there exists an associated `polar' projective, Fano toric variety \(X^{*}\), which first appeared in \textit{V. V. Batyrev}'s work on mirror symmetry [J. Algebr. Geom. 3, No. 3, 493--535 (1994; Zbl 0829.14023)]. The author shows that if \(X^{*}\) is smooth, then one can completely determine the \(\mathbb Z_2\) cohomology groups of the real and complex points of the possibly singular variety \(X\). In particular, \(X\) is \textit{maximal} in the sense that the sum of the \(\mathbb Z_2\) Betti numbers of \(X(\mathbb R)\) equals the sum of the \(\mathbb Z_2\) Betti numbers of \(X(\mathbb C)\). The main technique used by the author is to consider a variant of the \textit{Hodge spaces} of a fan associated to a toric variety. Hodge spaces of a fan over \(\mathbb C\) were first introduced by Danilov in order to compute the complex cohomology of the complex points of a toric variety [\textit{V. I. Danilov}, Usp. Mat. Nauk 33, No. 2, 85--134 (1978; Zbl 0425.14013)] and Hodge spaces over an arbitrary field were later studied by \textit{M. Brion} [Tohoku Math. J., II. Ser. 49, No. 1, 1--32 (1997; Zbl 0881.52008)]. Recently, Hodge spaces over \(\mathbb Z_2\) have been used to compare the cohomology of the real and complex points of a toric variety [\textit{F. Bihan}, \textit{M. Franz}, \textit{C. McCrory} and \textit{J. van Hamel}, Manuscr. Math. 120, No. 2, 217--232 (2006; Zbl 1106.14047)]. The author's main result computes a class of the Hodge spaces over \(\mathbb Z_2\) of a projective, Fano toric variety \(X\), under certain assumptions on the singularities of the `polar' Fano variety \(X^{*}\).

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