Q-systems, heaps, paths and cluster positivity
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\(Q\)-systems, heaps, paths and cluster positivity
\(Q\)-systems, heaps, paths and cluster positivity
Abstract: We consider the cluster algebra associated to the -system for as a tool for relating -system solutions to all possible sets of initial data. We show that the conserved quantities of the -system are partition functions for hard particles on particular target graphs with weights, which are determined by the choice of initial data. This allows us to interpret the simplest solutions of the Q-system as generating functions for Viennot's heaps on these target graphs, and equivalently as generating functions of weighted paths on suitable dual target graphs. The generating functions take the form of finite continued fractions. In this setting, the cluster mutations correspond to local rearrangements of the fractions which leave their final value unchanged. Finally, the general solutions of the -system are interpreted as partition functions for strongly non-intersecting families of lattice paths on target lattices. This expresses all cluster variables as manifestly positive Laurent polynomials of any initial data, thus proving the cluster positivity conjecture for the -system. We also give an alternative formulation in terms of domino tilings of deformed Aztec diamonds with defects.
The \(A_r\) \(Q\)-system is a recursion relation satisfied by characters of special irreducible finite-dimensional modules of the Lie algebra \(A_r\). It is a discrete integrable dynamical system. The relations of the \(Q\)-system are mutations in a cluster algebra. The authors prove the positivity property of the corresponding cluster variables, by using the integrability property. The system can be mapped to several different types of statistical models: path models, heaps on graphs, or domino tilings. The choice of the initial conditions for the recursion relations determines the specific model. The authors construct an explicit solution of the \(Q\)-system as a function of any possible set of initial conditions.
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