A logarithmic Hardy inequality

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2010.06.005MaRDI QIDQ992796zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jean Dolbeault, Stathis Filippas, Achilles Tertikas, Manuel del Pino

Publication date 10 September 2010

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.0590, http://hdl.handle.net/10533/144651

Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities Emden-Fowler transformation Hardy inequality Hardy-Sobolev inequalities interpolation logarithmic Sobolev inequality radial symmetry scale invariance Sobolev inequality symmetry breaking

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities involving derivatives and differential and integral operators (26D10) Inequalities for sums, series and integrals (26D15) Linear function spaces and their duals (46E99)

Abstract: We prove a new inequality which improves on the classical Hardy inequality in the sense that a nonlinear integral quantity with super-quadratic growth, which is computed with respect to an inverse square weight, is controlled by the energy. This inequality differs from standard logarithmic Sobolev inequalities in the sense that the measure is neither Lebesgue's measure nor a probability measure. All terms are scale invariant. After an Emden-Fowler transformation, the inequality can be rewritten as an optimal inequality of logarithmic Sobolev type on the cylinder. Explicit expressions of the sharp constant, as well as minimizers, are established in the radial case. However, when no symmetry is imposed, the sharp constants are not achieved among radial functions, in some range of the parameters.

Review text

Connections between the Hardy-type inequalities in \(\mathbb R^d\), \(d\geq3\), e.g., \[ \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{|u|^2}{|x|^2}\,dx \leq\,\frac4{(d-2)^2}\int_{\mathbb R^d}|\nabla u|^2\,dx, \] (for \(u\) from the class \(\mathcal D(\mathbb R^d)\) of smooth compactly supported functions) and logarithmic Sobolev-type inequalities, e.g., \[ \int_{\mathbb R^d}|u|^2\log|u|^2\,dx\leq \frac d2\log\Big(\frac2{\pi\,d\,e}\int_{\mathbb R^d}|\nabla u|^2\,dx\Big) \] (for \(u\) from the Hardy space \(H^1(\mathbb R^d)\) such that \(\int_{\mathbb R^d}u^2=1\)) are investigated. Denote by \(\mathcal D^{1,2}(\mathbb R^d)\) the completion of \(\mathcal D(\mathbb R^d)\) under the \(L^2(\mathbb R^d)\)-norm of the gradient of \(u\), and \(\text{S}:=\frac1{\pi d(d-2)}(\Gamma(d)/\Gamma(d/2))^{2/d}\). One of the results is the logarithmic Hardy inequality \[ \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{|u|^2}{|x|^2}\log(|x|^{d-2}|u|^2)\,dx \leq\frac d2\log\Big(C_{LH}\int_{\mathbb R^d}|\nabla u|^2\,dx\Big) \] for all \(u\in\mathcal D^{1,2}(\mathbb R^d)\) such that \(\int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{|u|^2}{|x|^2}\,dx=1\) with a constant \(C_{LH}\in(0,\text{S}]\) independent of \(u\). Under the additional assumption that the functions \(u\) are radially symmetric the constant \(C_{LH}\) can be computed precisely and an extremal function for the inequality is found. Analogous inequalities (for both non-radial and radial cases) with \(|x|^{-2a}\,dx\) instead of \(dx\) are also derived. Using an Emden-Fowler transformation these inequalities can be rewritten as inequalities on the cylinder. Explicit expressions of the sharp constant, as well as extremals, are also established in the radial case.

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