Quantum integers and cyclotomy

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Abstract: A sequence of functions {f_n(q)}_{n=1}^{infty} satisfies the functional equation for multiplication of quantum integers if f_{mn}(q) = f_m(q)f_n(q^m) for all positive integers m and n. This paper describes the structure of all sequences of rational functions with rational coefficients that satisfy this functional equation.


As main result the authors offer the general rational function solutions with rational coefficients \(\mathcal{F}=\{f_n\}\) of the sequence of functional equations \(f_{mn}(q)=f_m(q)f_n(q^m)\;(m,n\in\mathbb{N})\) if there exists a set \(P\) of at least two prime numbers such that the set \(S(P)\) of all positive integers that are products of powers of prime numbers in \(P\) equals \(\{\ell\in \mathbb{N} : f_\ell\neq 0,\;f_\ell\in \mathcal{F}\}.\) See also the corrigendum [ibid. 145, 632--634 (2014; Zbl 1296.11010)].











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